diff --git a/backend/auth/jwt.go b/backend/auth/jwt.go
index ac2e19e..2eb8fa3 100644
--- a/backend/auth/jwt.go
+++ b/backend/auth/jwt.go
@@ -7,6 +7,8 @@ import (
 	"fmt"
 	"log"
 	"log/slog"
+	"strings"
+	"sync"
 	"time"
 
 	"crussell/clock"
@@ -37,7 +39,17 @@ const refreshTokenLifetimeDays = int64(RefreshTokenLifetime / (24 * time.Hour))
 // grace window gets the generic error but does NOT kill the rotation family and
 // does NOT raise the refresh_token_reuse alert — only a replay after the window
 // has elapsed is treated as theft (see VerifyRefreshToken).
-const refreshTokenReuseGrace = 30 * time.Second
+//
+// LOW-2: 60s (was 30s) because a legitimately-rotated token can be replayed
+// from the SAME device well after the old 30s window when the user's second
+// tab refreshes on a slower return (e.g. the tab was suspended by the OS and
+// wakes up >30s after the first tab rotated). The widened grace costs a stolen
+// token up to an extra 30s of freshness before reuse detection fires — an
+// acceptable trade-off for not killing a legitimate session. The ideal fix
+// (only kill when the replay's IP/User-Agent differs from the rotation's)
+// would need the rotation origin persisted per family, which the locked schema
+// cannot express today; the widened window is the safe minimum.
+const refreshTokenReuseGrace = 60 * time.Second
 
 // refreshTokenReuseGraceSecs is the grace window in whole seconds for the SQL
 // make_interval(secs => ...) comparison in VerifyRefreshToken's reuse branch.
@@ -123,6 +135,100 @@ func IsJTIRevoked(ctx context.Context, jti string) bool {
 	return exists
 }
 
+// familyAliveCacheTTL bounds how long a family-alive verdict stays cached.
+// VerifyToken already runs one DB query per request for the JTI revocation
+// check; the family-alive check would add a second. Caching confirmed verdicts
+// for 30s turns that second query into an in-memory lookup for the common case
+// (MEDIUM-1), cutting auth-path DB amplification in half. The TTL is short so a
+// killed family is re-observed quickly, and the cache is explicitly invalidated
+// on every family kill (VerifyRefreshToken reuse branch, LogoutHandler) so
+// bound access tokens die immediately when theft is detected (HIGH 1).
+const familyAliveCacheTTL = 30 * time.Second
+
+// familyAliveCacheMaxEntries bounds the in-memory map so a flood of distinct
+// family ids cannot grow it without bound.
+const familyAliveCacheMaxEntries = 10_000
+
+// familyAliveCacheEntry is one cached family-alive verdict. Only DB-CONFIRMED
+// results are ever stored — a failed query fails open and is never cached, so a
+// transient outage cannot freeze a stale rejection or admission into the cache.
+type familyAliveCacheEntry struct {
+	alive   bool
+	expires time.Time
+}
+
+// familyAliveCache is a mutex-guarded, bounded cache of family-alive verdicts
+// keyed by "<family_id>|<user_id>" (the family belongs to one user, but the
+// composite key keeps the verdict aligned with the SQL conjunct).
+var familyAliveCache struct {
+	mu sync.Mutex
+	m  map[string]familyAliveCacheEntry
+}
+
+func init() {
+	familyAliveCache.m = make(map[string]familyAliveCacheEntry)
+}
+
+// familyAliveLookup returns a cached verdict for a family key and whether it is
+// still fresh, evicting expired entries opportunistically.
+func familyAliveLookup(key string) (alive bool, ok bool) {
+	familyAliveCache.mu.Lock()
+	defer familyAliveCache.mu.Unlock()
+	e, ok := familyAliveCache.m[key]
+	if !ok {
+		return false, false
+	}
+	if clock.Now().After(e.expires) {
+		delete(familyAliveCache.m, key)
+		return false, false
+	}
+	return e.alive, true
+}
+
+// familyAliveStore records a DB-confirmed verdict, evicting expired entries
+// and then the oldest live entry when the cache is at capacity.
+func familyAliveStore(key string, alive bool) {
+	familyAliveCache.mu.Lock()
+	defer familyAliveCache.mu.Unlock()
+	now := clock.Now()
+	e := familyAliveCacheEntry{alive: alive, expires: now.Add(familyAliveCacheTTL)}
+	if len(familyAliveCache.m) >= familyAliveCacheMaxEntries {
+		for k, ce := range familyAliveCache.m {
+			if now.After(ce.expires) {
+				delete(familyAliveCache.m, k)
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	if len(familyAliveCache.m) >= familyAliveCacheMaxEntries {
+		var oldestKey string
+		var oldestAt time.Time
+		for k, ce := range familyAliveCache.m {
+			if oldestKey == "" || ce.expires.Before(oldestAt) {
+				oldestKey, oldestAt = k, ce.expires
+			}
+		}
+		delete(familyAliveCache.m, oldestKey)
+	}
+	familyAliveCache.m[key] = e
+}
+
+// InvalidateFamilyAlive drops every cached verdict for a family so the next
+// VerifyToken re-queries the DB. Called whenever a rotation family is deleted
+// (refresh-token reuse kill, logout) so bound access tokens die on their next
+// verification instead of riding the cache TTL (HIGH 1).
+func InvalidateFamilyAlive(familyID string) {
+	if familyID == "" {
+		return
+	}
+	familyAliveCache.mu.Lock()
+	defer familyAliveCache.mu.Unlock()
+	for k := range familyAliveCache.m {
+		if strings.HasPrefix(k, familyID+"|") {
+			delete(familyAliveCache.m, k)
+		}
+	}
+}
+
 // CleanupRevokedJTIs removes expired entries from PostgreSQL and returns the count of deleted rows.
 func CleanupRevokedJTIs(ctx context.Context) (int, error) {
 	if db.Conn == nil {
@@ -247,10 +353,14 @@ func VerifyToken(tokenString string, ctx context.Context) (userID string, role s
 
 // verifyFamilyAlive rejects access tokens bound to a rotation family that no
 // longer exists in refresh_tokens. A token WITHOUT a family_id claim is unbound
-// (minted via GenerateToken — tests/legacy callers) and passes. Fails closed on
-// a live-DB query error: when the family cannot be confirmed alive the safe
-// default for money endpoints is to refuse. Mirrors IsJTIRevoked's nil-db
-// availability default (startup/unit tests).
+// (minted via GenerateToken — tests/legacy callers) and passes. DB-confirmed
+// verdicts are cached for familyAliveCacheTTL (MEDIUM-1) so VerifyToken does
+// not run a second query per request; the cache is invalidated on family kills
+// so a killed family's access tokens die on their next verification (HIGH 1).
+// On a live-DB query error the check FAILS OPEN with a WARN log — matching
+// IsJTIRevoked — because genuine theft is already handled by the family kill in
+// VerifyRefreshToken's reuse branch, and a transient DB error must not turn
+// into a total 401 outage for every authenticated request.
 func verifyFamilyAlive(ctx context.Context, token jwtClaimGetter, userID string) error {
 	var familyVal any
 	if err := token.Get(accessTokenFamilyClaim, &familyVal); err != nil {
@@ -263,20 +373,51 @@ func verifyFamilyAlive(ctx context.Context, token jwtClaimGetter, userID string)
 	if db.Conn == nil {
 		return nil
 	}
+	key := familyID + "|" + userID
+	if alive, cached := familyAliveLookup(key); cached {
+		if !alive {
+			return fmt.Errorf("token revoked")
+		}
+		return nil
+	}
 	var exists bool
 	err := db.Conn.QueryRow(ctx,
 		`SELECT EXISTS(
 			SELECT 1 FROM refresh_tokens WHERE family_id = $1 AND user_id = $2
 		)`, familyID, userID).Scan(&exists)
 	if err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("token revoked")
+		slog.Warn("family-alive check failed — failing open (access token admitted)", "family_id", familyID, "err", err)
+		return nil
 	}
+	familyAliveStore(key, exists)
 	if !exists {
 		return fmt.Errorf("token revoked")
 	}
 	return nil
 }
 
+// FamilyIDFromToken returns the access token's family_id claim, or "" when the
+// token carries none (unbound — test/legacy minting via GenerateToken). It only
+// DECODES the token without re-verifying the signature; callers must only use
+// it on a token that already passed VerifyToken (e.g. RequireAuth middleware).
+// Used by LogoutHandler to scope refresh-token revocation to the presented
+// session's rotation family (LOW-1).
+func FamilyIDFromToken(tokenString string) string {
+	if TokenAuth == nil || tokenString == "" {
+		return ""
+	}
+	decoded, err := TokenAuth.Decode(tokenString)
+	if err != nil {
+		return ""
+	}
+	var fv any
+	if err := decoded.Get(accessTokenFamilyClaim, &fv); err != nil {
+		return ""
+	}
+	familyID, _ := fv.(string)
+	return familyID
+}
+
 // jwtClaimGetter is the minimal subset of jwt.Token needed to read a claim
 // (the token returned by jwtauth.VerifyToken). Kept as an interface so the
 // lestrrat-go/jwx dependency stays out of this file's imports.
@@ -436,6 +577,11 @@ func VerifyRefreshToken(ctx context.Context, tokenString string) (userID string,
 		// (i) Revoke the ENTIRE family — the reused token and every descendant.
 		if _, err := tx.Exec(ctx, `DELETE FROM refresh_tokens WHERE family_id = $1`, reusedFamilyID); err != nil {
 			slog.Error("CRITICAL: refresh token reuse detected but family revocation failed", "userID", reusedUserID, "familyID", reusedFamilyID, "err", err)
+		} else {
+			// The family is gone — drop its cached verdict so bound access
+			// tokens die on their next verification instead of riding the
+			// family-alive cache TTL (HIGH 1).
+			InvalidateFamilyAlive(reusedFamilyID)
 		}
 		// (ii) Surface the theft in the admin notification centre. The NOT
 		// EXISTS guard keeps ONE alert per reused family until an admin
diff --git a/backend/auth/jwt_test.go b/backend/auth/jwt_test.go
index 498494c..a583bd7 100644
--- a/backend/auth/jwt_test.go
+++ b/backend/auth/jwt_test.go
@@ -519,13 +519,13 @@ func TestVerifyRefreshToken_ReuseRevokesFamilyAndAlerts(t *testing.T) {
 		t.Fatalf("expected 2 refresh tokens in family, got %d", famCount)
 	}
 
-	// MEDIUM 4 grace window: backdate the original's used_at past the 30s
-	// reuse grace so the replay below is genuine theft. WITHOUT this, a replay
+	// Reuse grace window: backdate the original's used_at past the 60s reuse
+	// grace so the replay below is genuine theft. WITHOUT this, a replay
 	// moments after rotation is a benign two-tab concurrent refresh and the
 	// family must NOT be killed.
 	if _, err := tx.Exec(ctx, `
 		UPDATE refresh_tokens
-		SET used_at = NOW() - make_interval(secs => 60)
+		SET used_at = NOW() - make_interval(secs => 120)
 		WHERE token_hash = encode(sha256($1::bytea), 'hex')
 	`, original); err != nil {
 		t.Fatalf("failed to backdate used_at for reuse test: %v", err)
@@ -572,8 +572,8 @@ func TestVerifyRefreshToken_ReuseRevokesFamilyAndAlerts(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 }
 
-// TestVerifyRefreshToken_ReplayWithinGrace_IsBenign verifies the MEDIUM 4
-// hardening: a used-token replay WITHIN the 30s grace window (two tabs sharing
+// TestVerifyRefreshToken_ReplayWithinGrace_IsBenign verifies the reuse
+// hardening: a used-token replay WITHIN the 60s grace window (two tabs sharing
 // one localStorage refresh token both refreshing on load) is a benign
 // concurrent refresh — the generic error is returned, but the rotation family
 // survives and no refresh_token_reuse alert is raised.
@@ -679,7 +679,7 @@ func TestAccessTokenKilledWithRotationFamily(t *testing.T) {
 	// detected, whole family DELETEd.
 	if _, err := tx.Exec(ctx, `
 		UPDATE refresh_tokens
-		SET used_at = NOW() - make_interval(secs => 60)
+		SET used_at = NOW() - make_interval(secs => 120)
 		WHERE token_hash = encode(sha256($1::bytea), 'hex')
 	`, original); err != nil {
 		t.Fatalf("failed to backdate used_at: %v", err)
diff --git a/backend/handlers/auth/auth_test.go b/backend/handlers/auth/auth_test.go
index 8d058bc..c06ea35 100644
--- a/backend/handlers/auth/auth_test.go
+++ b/backend/handlers/auth/auth_test.go
@@ -1414,6 +1414,110 @@ func TestLogoutHandler_InvalidToken(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 }
 
+// TestLogoutHandler_RevokesPresentedFamilyOnly pins the LOW-1 fix: logout must
+// revoke the refresh tokens of the PRESENTED access token's rotation family
+// (family_id claim), NOT every refresh token the user holds on other devices —
+// a stolen access token must not be able to wipe all sessions. A second,
+// unrelated rotation family for the same user survives the logout.
+func TestLogoutHandler_RevokesPresentedFamilyOnly(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Parallel()
+	ctx, tx := resetTestData(t)
+
+	userID, err := fixtures.CreateTestUser(tx)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("failed to create test user: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	// Two independent rotation families for the same user: A (the one being
+	// logged out) and B (a session on another device that must survive).
+	_, familyA, err := auth.GenerateRefreshToken(ctx, userID, "verified_email")
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("failed to generate refresh token A: %v", err)
+	}
+	_, familyB, err := auth.GenerateRefreshToken(ctx, userID, "verified_email")
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("failed to generate refresh token B: %v", err)
+	}
+	if familyA == familyB {
+		t.Fatal("expected two distinct rotation families")
+	}
+
+	// The presented access token is bound to family A (as LoginHandler and
+	// RefreshTokenHandler mint it).
+	token, jti, err := auth.GenerateTokenForFamily(userID, "verified_email", familyA)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("failed to generate family-bound access token: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	req := httptest.NewRequest("POST", "/api/logout", nil)
+	req.Header.Set("Authorization", "Bearer "+token)
+	reqCtx := context.WithValue(ctx, mw.JTIKey, jti)
+	reqCtx = context.WithValue(reqCtx, mw.UserIDKey, userID)
+	req = req.WithContext(reqCtx)
+	w := httptest.NewRecorder()
+	LogoutHandler(w, req)
+
+	if w.Code != http.StatusOK {
+		t.Fatalf("logout failed: %d. body: %s", w.Code, w.Body.String())
+	}
+
+	countFamily := func(familyID string) int {
+		var n int
+		if err := tx.QueryRow(ctx, `SELECT COUNT(*) FROM refresh_tokens WHERE family_id = $1`, familyID).Scan(&n); err != nil {
+			t.Fatalf("failed to count family rows: %v", err)
+		}
+		return n
+	}
+	if got := countFamily(familyA); got != 0 {
+		t.Errorf("expected family A (presented token) to be revoked after logout, got %d rows", got)
+	}
+	if got := countFamily(familyB); got != 1 {
+		t.Errorf("expected family B (other device session) to survive logout, got %d rows", got)
+	}
+}
+
+// TestLogoutHandler_UnboundToken_RevokesUserWide pins the LOW-1 fallback: an
+// access token WITHOUT a family_id claim (test/legacy minting via
+// GenerateToken) cannot be scoped, so logout falls back to the historical
+// user-wide refresh-token delete.
+func TestLogoutHandler_UnboundToken_RevokesUserWide(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Parallel()
+	ctx, tx := resetTestData(t)
+
+	userID, err := fixtures.CreateTestUser(tx)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("failed to create test user: %v", err)
+	}
+	if _, _, err := auth.GenerateRefreshToken(ctx, userID, "verified_email"); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("failed to generate refresh token: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	token, jti, err := auth.GenerateToken(userID, "verified_email")
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("failed to generate unbound access token: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	req := httptest.NewRequest("POST", "/api/logout", nil)
+	req.Header.Set("Authorization", "Bearer "+token)
+	reqCtx := context.WithValue(ctx, mw.JTIKey, jti)
+	reqCtx = context.WithValue(reqCtx, mw.UserIDKey, userID)
+	req = req.WithContext(reqCtx)
+	w := httptest.NewRecorder()
+	LogoutHandler(w, req)
+
+	if w.Code != http.StatusOK {
+		t.Fatalf("logout failed: %d. body: %s", w.Code, w.Body.String())
+	}
+
+	var n int
+	if err := tx.QueryRow(ctx, `SELECT COUNT(*) FROM refresh_tokens WHERE user_id = $1`, userID).Scan(&n); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("failed to count refresh tokens: %v", err)
+	}
+	if n != 0 {
+		t.Errorf("expected all refresh tokens revoked for an unbound token, got %d rows", n)
+	}
+}
+
 // =============================================================================
 // Refresh Token JTI Tests
 // =============================================================================
diff --git a/backend/handlers/auth/local.go b/backend/handlers/auth/local.go
index 47a9a02..78fd98f 100644
--- a/backend/handlers/auth/local.go
+++ b/backend/handlers/auth/local.go
@@ -576,11 +576,28 @@ func LogoutHandler(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
 		return
 	}
 
-	// B5: logging out must also kill every outstanding refresh token for this
-	// user, or a previously-issued (possibly stolen) refresh token would keep
-	// the session alive past logout. The 90-day credential is deleted from
-	// refresh_tokens, so no refresh request after logout can succeed.
-	if userID != "" {
+	// B5: logging out must also kill the outstanding refresh credential for
+	// THIS session, or a previously-issued (possibly stolen) refresh token
+	// would keep the session alive past logout.
+	//
+	// LOW-1: the revocation is scoped to the PRESENTED access token's rotation
+	// family (family_id claim) instead of every refresh token the user holds.
+	// A stolen access token can no longer wipe every session the user keeps on
+	// other devices — only this token's own lineage dies, which is all B5
+	// needs (the presented refresh token lives in that family). An unbound
+	// token (no family_id claim — test/legacy minting via GenerateToken)
+	// falls back to the user-wide delete, preserving the old behaviour for
+	// those tokens.
+	familyID := auth.FamilyIDFromToken(strings.TrimPrefix(r.Header.Get("Authorization"), "Bearer "))
+	if familyID != "" {
+		if _, err := db.Conn.Exec(r.Context(), `DELETE FROM refresh_tokens WHERE family_id = $1`, familyID); err != nil {
+			slog.Error("logout: failed to revoke refresh token family", "familyID", familyID, "err", err)
+		}
+		// Drop the family-alive cache verdict so this family's access tokens
+		// (the logged-out one and any in-flight duplicates) are re-checked
+		// against the now-empty refresh_tokens on their next request.
+		auth.InvalidateFamilyAlive(familyID)
+	} else if userID != "" {
 		if _, err := db.Conn.Exec(r.Context(), `DELETE FROM refresh_tokens WHERE user_id = $1`, userID); err != nil {
 			slog.Error("logout: failed to revoke refresh tokens", "userID", userID, "err", err)
 		}
diff --git a/backend/handlers/payments/completion.go b/backend/handlers/payments/completion.go
index f8ee041..3990c96 100644
--- a/backend/handlers/payments/completion.go
+++ b/backend/handlers/payments/completion.go
@@ -80,6 +80,16 @@ func ApplyBookingCompletionSideEffects(ctx context.Context, tx pgx.Tx, bookingID
 
 	var newStampCount int
 	if bookingTotal > 0 && !loyaltyAppliedOnThisBooking {
+		// Loop B MEDIUM (stamp farming via refund + re-charge): the stamp must
+		// be awarded at most ONCE per booking, no matter how many times the
+		// booking is re-completed. A refund never moves the booking out of
+		// 'in_progress', so a re-payment re-completes it — without this guard
+		// each in_progress→completed transition would re-award a stamp with no
+		// net merchant cash flow. The bookings.loyalty_stamp_awarded_at marker
+		// blocks a booking that already earned its stamp; the marker is written
+		// (same tx) only when the award actually landed, so a daily-cap-blocked
+		// completion does not permanently forfeit the booking's stamp. The
+		// existing "no OTHER completed booking within a day" cap is kept.
 		if err := tx.QueryRow(ctx, `
 			UPDATE users
 			SET loyalty_stamps = loyalty_stamps + 1
@@ -91,6 +101,10 @@ func ApplyBookingCompletionSideEffects(ctx context.Context, tx pgx.Tx, bookingID
 				AND b.updated_at >= CURRENT_DATE - INTERVAL '1 day'
 				AND b.id != $2
 			)
+			AND NOT EXISTS (
+				SELECT 1 FROM bookings b
+				WHERE b.id = $2 AND b.loyalty_stamp_awarded_at IS NOT NULL
+			)
 			RETURNING loyalty_stamps
 		`, userID, bookingID).Scan(&newStampCount); err != nil {
 			if !errors.Is(err, pgx.ErrNoRows) {
@@ -98,6 +112,14 @@ func ApplyBookingCompletionSideEffects(ctx context.Context, tx pgx.Tx, bookingID
 			}
 		}
 	}
+	if newStampCount > 0 {
+		if _, err := tx.Exec(ctx, `
+			UPDATE bookings SET loyalty_stamp_awarded_at = NOW()
+			WHERE id = $1 AND loyalty_stamp_awarded_at IS NULL
+		`, bookingID); err != nil {
+			log.Printf("Failed to mark loyalty stamp awarded for booking %s: %v", bookingID, err)
+		}
+	}
 
 	// Create pending redemption when stamps reach LoyaltyStampCost
 	if newStampCount == LoyaltyStampCost {
diff --git a/backend/handlers/payments/giftcards.go b/backend/handlers/payments/giftcards.go
index 567c55a..5ba0176 100644
--- a/backend/handlers/payments/giftcards.go
+++ b/backend/handlers/payments/giftcards.go
@@ -18,6 +18,7 @@ import (
 	"crussell/clock"
 	"crussell/db"
 	"crussell/internal/square"
+	"crussell/internal/twofa"
 	"crussell/internal/validators"
 	"crussell/mw"
 
@@ -1468,8 +1469,12 @@ func BuyGiftCard(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
 	// and SAVING a new card during this purchase (SaveCard), mirroring
 	// CreateBookingPayment/CreateTipPayment. A one-off new-card (nonce) charge
 	// that is not saved is not gated.
+	// consume=false (MEDIUM-2): the code is verified here but only NULLed
+	// inside the completed-charge transaction below (ConsumePendingCode), so a
+	// failed/ambiguous Square charge does NOT burn the operator-relayed code
+	// and a same-key retry can re-verify the SAME code.
 	if (req.CardID != nil && *req.CardID != "") || req.SaveCard {
-		if !requireTwoFactorForCardAccess(w, r, paymentService, userID, req.VerificationCode) {
+		if !requireTwoFactorForCardAccess(w, r, paymentService, userID, req.VerificationCode, false) {
 			return
 		}
 	}
@@ -1720,6 +1725,19 @@ func BuyGiftCard(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
 		return
 	}
 
+	// MEDIUM-2: a saved-card gift-card purchase reached its terminal SUCCESS
+	// state — consume the verified 2FA code now, inside the transaction that
+	// records the completed charge (the gate verified without consuming, so a
+	// failed/ambiguous Square charge did not burn the code and a same-key
+	// retry could re-verify the SAME code).
+	if (req.CardID != nil && *req.CardID != "") || req.SaveCard {
+		if consErr := twofa.ConsumePendingCode(ctx, issueTx, userID); consErr != nil {
+			log.Printf("CRITICAL: Square payment succeeded (ID=%s) but consuming the 2FA code for user %s failed: %v — manual reconciliation required", paymentResult.SquarePayID, userID, consErr)
+			http.Error(w, "internal server error", http.StatusInternalServerError)
+			return
+		}
+	}
+
 	var cardID string
 
 	expiryMonths, err := GetGiftCardExpiryMonths(ctx, issueTx)
diff --git a/backend/handlers/payments/handlers.go b/backend/handlers/payments/handlers.go
index abc3cfe..d5f9675 100644
--- a/backend/handlers/payments/handlers.go
+++ b/backend/handlers/payments/handlers.go
@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@ import (
 	"crussell/clock"
 	"crussell/db"
 	"crussell/internal/square"
+	"crussell/internal/twofa"
 	"crussell/internal/validators"
 	"crussell/mw"
 	"crypto/rand"
@@ -25,6 +26,45 @@ import (
 	"github.com/jackc/pgx/v5"
 )
 
+// insertAdminAuditCharge records an admin-initiated saved-card charge in
+// admin_audit_log (MEDIUM-3a). Mirrors the balance_check audit in
+// giftcards.go:1239-1243 — same table, same columns, same best-effort
+// non-fatal failure handling. The insert runs in its OWN transaction (a
+// savepoint in the test harness) so an audit-write failure — e.g. a synthetic
+// admin id in tests violating the admin_id FK — rolls back only the audit
+// write and can never abort the caller's transaction or a completed charge.
+func insertAdminAuditCharge(ctx context.Context, adminID, targetUserID, action string, details map[string]any) {
+	detailsJSON, err := json.Marshal(details)
+	if err != nil {
+		log.Printf("Failed to marshal admin_audit_log details (non-critical): %v", err)
+		return
+	}
+	var target any
+	if targetUserID != "" {
+		target = targetUserID
+	}
+	auditTx, err := db.Conn.Begin(ctx)
+	if err != nil {
+		log.Printf("Failed to record admin_audit_log (non-critical): %v", err)
+		return
+	}
+	defer func() {
+		if err := auditTx.Rollback(ctx); err != nil && !errors.Is(err, pgx.ErrTxClosed) {
+			slog.Error("failed to rollback admin audit transaction", "err", err)
+		}
+	}()
+	if _, err := auditTx.Exec(ctx, `
+		INSERT INTO admin_audit_log (admin_id, action_type, target_user_id, details)
+		VALUES ($1, $2, $3, $4::jsonb)
+	`, adminID, action, target, string(detailsJSON)); err != nil {
+		log.Printf("Failed to record admin_audit_log (non-critical): %v", err)
+		return
+	}
+	if err := auditTx.Commit(ctx); err != nil {
+		log.Printf("Failed to record admin_audit_log (non-critical): %v", err)
+	}
+}
+
 type CreateTerminalPaymentRequest struct {
 	Amount         int64   `json:"amount" validate:"required,gt=0"`
 	PaymentType    string  `json:"payment_type" validate:"required"`
@@ -365,6 +405,23 @@ func CreateTerminalPayment(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
 		return
 	}
 
+	// A3 (mirror of CreateBookingPayment at handlers.go:1596): tips have a
+	// dedicated endpoint (POST /api/bookings/{id}/tip, CreateTipPayment) which
+	// enforces the M4 "tips only after the service starts" gate, and the
+	// tip-enabled terminal overflow carve (B3, tip_enabled) records explicit
+	// gratuity as its own payment_type='tip' row. A bare payment_type='tip'
+	// here would record the ENTIRE charge as a tip — and every "is paid"
+	// computation excludes tip rows (paid_total, GetBookingPaymentInfo,
+	// bookingIsFullyPaid, GetBookingRefundableAmountPence) — so the booking
+	// would never be credited and a later legitimate charge would double-collect.
+	// Reject it BEFORE any charge-path branch (cash/giftcard, saved_card,
+	// terminal checkout) so all four sub-paths are closed at once.
+	if req.PaymentType == "tip" {
+		log.Printf("Payment rejected: booking %s payment_type 'tip' is not allowed via /payment — tips use the dedicated /tip endpoint", bookingID)
+		http.Error(w, "Tips can only be added via the dedicated tip endpoint after the booking has started", http.StatusBadRequest)
+		return
+	}
+
 	service := NewPaymentService()
 
 	amount := req.Amount
@@ -430,47 +487,111 @@ func CreateTerminalPayment(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
 			return
 		}
 
-		// B3: clamp the recorded amount to the booking's remaining obligation.
-		// The booking row FOR UPDATE lock above serializes concurrent cash/
-		// giftcard payments on this booking, so this read races no same-method
-		// payment. A fully-paid booking is rejected below (nothing left to
-		// record).
-		effectiveAmount, remaining, clamped, cErr := clampTerminalChargeToRemainingBalance(r.Context(), bookingID, amount)
-		if cErr != nil {
-			log.Printf("Failed to compute remaining balance for terminal %s payment on booking %s: %v", *req.PaymentMethod, bookingID, cErr)
-			http.Error(w, "internal server error", http.StatusInternalServerError)
-			return
-		}
-		if clamped && effectiveAmount <= 0 {
-			// B3: the clamp zeroed the amount because the booking is fully paid
-			// (remaining <= 0). Reject rather than record a phantom £0 payment —
-			// an overpayment is handled manually at the counter, not minted
-			// into the ledger.
-			log.Printf("Terminal %s payment on booking %s rejected: booking already fully paid (remaining %d pence, requested %d pence)", *req.PaymentMethod, bookingID, remaining, amount)
-			http.Error(w, "Booking is already fully paid", http.StatusBadRequest)
-			return
-		}
-		if clamped {
-			log.Printf("Terminal %s payment on booking %s clamped from %d to %d pence (remaining obligation) — the frontend PaymentModal sent an amount that ignored prior payments; the customer is charged the remaining obligation only", *req.PaymentMethod, bookingID, amount, effectiveAmount)
-			amount = effectiveAmount
-		}
-
-		amountPounds := float64(amount) / 100.0
-		var paymentID string
-
-		if *req.PaymentMethod == "cash" {
-			err = tx.QueryRow(r.Context(), `
-				INSERT INTO payments (
-					booking_id, payment_type, payment_method, status, amount, idempotency_key, created_by, created_at, updated_at
-				) VALUES ($1, $2, 'cash', 'completed', $3, $4, $5, NOW(), NOW())
-				RETURNING id
-			`, bookingID, req.PaymentType, amountPounds, idempotencyKey, adminID).Scan(&paymentID)
-			if err != nil {
-				log.Printf("Failed to create cash payment record: %v", err)
+		// B3: clamp the recorded amount to the booking's remaining obligation
+		// unless the customer explicitly requested a tip (tip_enabled) — mirror
+		// the card-terminal tip bound below: the booking portion can never
+		// exceed what is owed, and the tip portion can never exceed
+		// maxTerminalTipPence. The booking row FOR UPDATE lock above serializes
+		// concurrent cash/giftcard payments on this booking, so this read races
+		// no same-method payment. A fully-paid no-tip booking is rejected below
+		// (nothing left to record).
+		var remaining int64
+		if req.TipEnabled {
+			remainingPence, remErr := service.GetBookingRemainingBalancePence(r.Context(), bookingID)
+			if remErr != nil {
+				log.Printf("Failed to compute remaining balance for tip-enabled terminal %s payment on booking %s: %v", *req.PaymentMethod, bookingID, remErr)
 				http.Error(w, "internal server error", http.StatusInternalServerError)
 				return
 			}
-			ApplyVATToBookingPayment(r.Context(), tx, paymentID)
+			remaining = remainingPence
+			maxChargePence := remainingPence + maxTerminalTipPence
+			if amount > maxChargePence {
+				log.Printf("Terminal %s payment for booking %s clamped from %d to %d pence (remaining obligation %d + max tip bound £%.2f) — the requested total exceeded the booking remainder plus the tip cap", *req.PaymentMethod, bookingID, amount, maxChargePence, remainingPence, float64(maxTerminalTipPence)/100.0)
+				amount = maxChargePence
+			}
+		} else {
+			effectiveAmount, remaining, clamped, cErr := clampTerminalChargeToRemainingBalance(r.Context(), bookingID, amount)
+			if cErr != nil {
+				log.Printf("Failed to compute remaining balance for terminal %s payment on booking %s: %v", *req.PaymentMethod, bookingID, cErr)
+				http.Error(w, "internal server error", http.StatusInternalServerError)
+				return
+			}
+			if clamped && effectiveAmount <= 0 {
+				// B3: the clamp zeroed the amount because the booking is fully paid
+				// (remaining <= 0). Reject rather than record a phantom £0 payment —
+				// an overpayment is handled manually at the counter, not minted
+				// into the ledger.
+				log.Printf("Terminal %s payment on booking %s rejected: booking already fully paid (remaining %d pence, requested %d pence)", *req.PaymentMethod, bookingID, remaining, amount)
+				http.Error(w, "Booking is already fully paid", http.StatusBadRequest)
+				return
+			}
+			if clamped {
+				log.Printf("Terminal %s payment on booking %s clamped from %d to %d pence (remaining obligation) — the frontend PaymentModal sent an amount that ignored prior payments; the customer is charged the remaining obligation only", *req.PaymentMethod, bookingID, amount, effectiveAmount)
+				amount = effectiveAmount
+			}
+		}
+
+		// M4 (mirror of the card-terminal carve at sweep.go): when the customer
+		// explicitly requested a tip, any part of the charged amount beyond the
+		// remaining booking value is gratuity and must be recorded as its own
+		// payment_type='tip' row — never absorbed into the booking payment
+		// (which would over-credit the booking) nor rejected. The booking
+		// portion keeps the requested payment type, exactly as the non-tip
+		// cash/giftcard flow records it.
+		tipPortion := int64(0)
+		bookingPortion := amount
+		if req.TipEnabled && remaining < amount {
+			tipPortion = amount - remaining
+			bookingPortion = remaining
+		}
+
+		amountPounds := float64(amount) / 100.0
+		bookingPortionPounds := float64(bookingPortion) / 100.0
+		tipPounds := float64(tipPortion) / 100.0
+		var paymentID string
+
+		if *req.PaymentMethod == "cash" {
+			if bookingPortionPounds > 0.004 {
+				err = tx.QueryRow(r.Context(), `
+					INSERT INTO payments (
+						booking_id, payment_type, payment_method, status, amount, idempotency_key, created_by, created_at, updated_at
+					) VALUES ($1, $2, 'cash', 'completed', $3, $4, $5, NOW(), NOW())
+					RETURNING id
+				`, bookingID, req.PaymentType, bookingPortionPounds, idempotencyKey, adminID).Scan(&paymentID)
+				if err != nil {
+					log.Printf("Failed to create cash payment record: %v", err)
+					http.Error(w, "internal server error", http.StatusInternalServerError)
+					return
+				}
+				ApplyVATToBookingPayment(r.Context(), tx, paymentID)
+			}
+			// The tip carve is recorded as its own 'tip' row so the booking
+			// portion is the only money that counts toward the obligation.
+			// When the charge is tip-only (fully-paid booking), the tip row is
+			// the ONLY record and its id is returned as the checkout id,
+			// mirroring the card-terminal carve (primary := records[0]).
+			if tipPounds > 0.004 {
+				tipKey := splitIdempotencyKey(idempotencyKey, "-split-tip")
+				tipID, tipErr := service.CreatePaymentRecordTx(r.Context(), tx, PaymentRecord{
+					BookingID:      bookingID,
+					PaymentType:    "tip",
+					PaymentMethod:  "cash",
+					Status:         "completed",
+					Amount:         tipPounds,
+					IdempotencyKey: &tipKey,
+					CreatedBy:      &adminID,
+					CreatedAt:      clock.Now(),
+					UpdatedAt:      clock.Now(),
+				}, nil)
+				if tipErr != nil {
+					log.Printf("Failed to create cash tip payment record: %v", tipErr)
+					http.Error(w, "internal server error", http.StatusInternalServerError)
+					return
+				}
+				if paymentID == "" {
+					paymentID = tipID
+				}
+			}
 		} else { // giftcard
 			var customerID sql.NullString
 			err = tx.QueryRow(r.Context(), "SELECT user_id FROM bookings WHERE id = $1", bookingID).Scan(&customerID)
@@ -567,29 +688,63 @@ func CreateTerminalPayment(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
 				giftCardPaymentID = &cleanCardID
 			}
 
-			err = tx.QueryRow(r.Context(), `
-				INSERT INTO payments (
-					booking_id, payment_type, payment_method, status, amount, idempotency_key, created_by, created_at, updated_at, gift_card_id
-				) VALUES ($1, $2, 'giftcard', 'completed', $3, $4, $5, NOW(), NOW(), $6)
-				RETURNING id
-			`, bookingID, req.PaymentType, amountPounds, idempotencyKey, adminID, giftCardPaymentID).Scan(&paymentID)
-			if err != nil {
-				log.Printf("Failed to create giftcard payment record: %v", err)
-				http.Error(w, "internal server error", http.StatusInternalServerError)
-				return
+			// The gift-card source funds the full charged amount (booking
+			// portion + tip). The primary row records the booking portion; the
+			// tip carve is recorded as its own 'tip' row sourced from the same
+			// gift card (C3 source-of-funds tracking), so the booking portion
+			// is the only money that counts toward the obligation.
+			bookingPayID := ""
+			if bookingPortionPounds > 0.004 {
+				err = tx.QueryRow(r.Context(), `
+					INSERT INTO payments (
+						booking_id, payment_type, payment_method, status, amount, idempotency_key, created_by, created_at, updated_at, gift_card_id
+					) VALUES ($1, $2, 'giftcard', 'completed', $3, $4, $5, NOW(), NOW(), $6)
+					RETURNING id
+				`, bookingID, req.PaymentType, bookingPortionPounds, idempotencyKey, adminID, giftCardPaymentID).Scan(&bookingPayID)
+				if err != nil {
+					log.Printf("Failed to create giftcard payment record: %v", err)
+					http.Error(w, "internal server error", http.StatusInternalServerError)
+					return
+				}
+				paymentID = bookingPayID
+			}
+			if tipPounds > 0.004 {
+				tipKey := splitIdempotencyKey(idempotencyKey, "-split-tip")
+				tipID, tipErr := service.CreatePaymentRecordTx(r.Context(), tx, PaymentRecord{
+					BookingID:      bookingID,
+					PaymentType:    "tip",
+					PaymentMethod:  "giftcard",
+					Status:         "completed",
+					Amount:         tipPounds,
+					IdempotencyKey: &tipKey,
+					CreatedBy:      &adminID,
+					CreatedAt:      clock.Now(),
+					UpdatedAt:      clock.Now(),
+				}, giftCardPaymentID)
+				if tipErr != nil {
+					log.Printf("Failed to create giftcard tip payment record: %v", tipErr)
+					http.Error(w, "internal server error", http.StatusInternalServerError)
+					return
+				}
+				if paymentID == "" {
+					paymentID = tipID
+				}
 			}
 
 			// Apply VAT at redemption only if the gift card was purchased as MPV
 			// (VAT deferred to redemption). For SPV, VAT was already paid at sale.
 			// For account balance payments (usedBalance=true), VAT was already paid
-			// when the original card was purchased.
-			if usedBalance {
-				// VAT already paid at purchase time — nothing to do here.
-			} else if cardVoucherType == "MPV" {
-				vatCfg, vatErr := GetVATConfig(r.Context(), tx)
-				if vatErr == nil && vatCfg.IsVATRegistered {
-					if _, vatExecErr := tx.Exec(r.Context(), "SELECT apply_vat_to_payment($1, $2)", paymentID, vatCfg.DefaultVATRate); vatExecErr != nil {
-						log.Printf("Failed to apply VAT to giftcard payment %s: %v", paymentID, vatExecErr)
+			// when the original card was purchased. Applied to the booking-portion
+			// payment only — a tip record is never VAT-applicable.
+			if bookingPayID != "" {
+				if usedBalance {
+					// VAT already paid at purchase time — nothing to do here.
+				} else if cardVoucherType == "MPV" {
+					vatCfg, vatErr := GetVATConfig(r.Context(), tx)
+					if vatErr == nil && vatCfg.IsVATRegistered {
+						if _, vatExecErr := tx.Exec(r.Context(), "SELECT apply_vat_to_payment($1, $2)", bookingPayID, vatCfg.DefaultVATRate); vatExecErr != nil {
+							log.Printf("Failed to apply VAT to giftcard payment %s: %v", bookingPayID, vatExecErr)
+						}
 					}
 				}
 			}
@@ -794,7 +949,11 @@ func CreateTerminalPayment(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
 		// existing result WITHOUT demanding a fresh code — no new money moves,
 		// so no new authorization is needed. Pending-reuse retries and fresh
 		// charges still pass through the gate.
-		if bookingUserID.Valid && !requireTwoFactorForCardAccess(w, r, service, bookingUserID.String, req.VerificationCode) {
+		// consume=false (MEDIUM-2): the code is verified here but only NULLed
+		// inside the completed-charge transaction below (ConsumePendingCode),
+		// so a failed/ambiguous Square charge does NOT burn the operator-relayed
+		// code and a same-key retry can re-verify the SAME code.
+		if bookingUserID.Valid && !requireTwoFactorForCardAccess(w, r, service, bookingUserID.String, req.VerificationCode, false) {
 			return
 		}
 
@@ -993,6 +1152,19 @@ func CreateTerminalPayment(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
 			http.Error(w, "internal server error", http.StatusInternalServerError)
 			return
 		}
+		// MEDIUM-2: the charge reached its terminal SUCCESS state — consume the
+		// verified 2FA code now, INSIDE the transaction that records the
+		// completed charge (the gate verified without consuming so a failed
+		// charge would not burn the code). A failure here fails the whole
+		// transaction (the row stays pending and the sweep reconciles), which is
+		// the same known failure mode as any other post-charge tx error.
+		if bookingUserID.Valid {
+			if consErr := twofa.ConsumePendingCode(r.Context(), recheckTx, bookingUserID.String); consErr != nil {
+				log.Printf("CRITICAL: Square payment %s succeeded but consuming the 2FA code for user %s failed: %v — manual reconciliation required", paymentResult.SquarePayID, bookingUserID.String, consErr)
+				http.Error(w, "internal server error", http.StatusInternalServerError)
+				return
+			}
+		}
 		// B14: apply VAT to the saved-card terminal charge, inside the same
 		// transaction as the completed flip (like the booking path at 2021-2028
 		// and the cash path at 397). Without this the saved-card branch never
@@ -1008,6 +1180,20 @@ func CreateTerminalPayment(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
 			return
 		}
 
+		// MEDIUM-3a: record the admin-initiated saved-card charge in
+		// admin_audit_log (mirroring giftcards.go's balance_check audit). Runs
+		// best-effort AFTER the money transaction commits so an audit-write
+		// failure can never roll back a completed charge.
+		if bookingUserID.Valid {
+			insertAdminAuditCharge(r.Context(), adminID, bookingUserID.String, "saved_card_charge", map[string]any{
+				"booking_id":        bookingID,
+				"payment_id":        paymentID,
+				"amount":            float64(amount) / 100.0,
+				"card_last4":        paymentResult.CardLast4,
+				"square_payment_id": paymentResult.SquarePayID,
+			})
+		}
+
 		// F6: a fully-paid saved-card charge completes the booking exactly like
 		// the terminal path (recordTerminalPaymentTx → completeFullyPaidBooking,
 		// sweep.go:1632). Runs in its OWN transaction after the status commit
@@ -1563,11 +1749,6 @@ func CreateBookingPayment(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
 
 	service := NewPaymentService()
 
-	// 2FA gating (C5): persisting a card requires 2FA when the feature is enforced.
-	if req.SaveCard && !requireTwoFactorForCardAccess(w, r, service, userID, req.VerificationCode) {
-		return
-	}
-
 	// Resolve buyer email for Square receipt delivery (failure is non-fatal).
 	var bookingBuyerEmail string
 	if err := db.Conn.QueryRow(r.Context(), `SELECT email FROM users WHERE id = $1`, userID).Scan(&bookingBuyerEmail); err != nil {
@@ -1872,6 +2053,18 @@ func CreateBookingPayment(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
 		log.Printf("Failed to check idempotency: %v", err)
 	}
 
+	// 2FA gating (C5): persisting a card requires 2FA when the feature is
+	// enforced. This runs AFTER the idempotency dedup's completed
+	// short-circuit (Loop B MEDIUM): a same-key lost-response retry returns the
+	// already-completed payment above without re-entering the gate, so its
+	// single-use code (already consumed by the original attempt) is never
+	// re-rejected as "expired". Pending-reuse and fresh paths still gate — a
+	// new charge may move at Square. The gate also runs before
+	// resolveChargeSource below, so an un-2FA'd request never persists a card.
+	if req.SaveCard && !requireTwoFactorForCardAccess(w, r, service, userID, req.VerificationCode, true) {
+		return
+	}
+
 	// After the idempotency check (which handles same-key retries), verify
 	// that no completed payment of the same non-partial type already exists.
 	// buildSplitRecords converts 'full' and 'deposit' input types into a
@@ -2005,9 +2198,13 @@ func CreateBookingPayment(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
 	var savedCardID *string
 	var savedCardCustomerID string
 	// 2FA gating (C5): charging a SAVED card requires 2FA when the feature is
-	// enforced. New-card (nonce) charges are not gated.
+	// enforced. New-card (nonce) charges are not gated. consume=false
+	// (MEDIUM-2): the code is verified here but only NULLed inside the
+	// completed-charge transaction below (ConsumePendingCode), so a
+	// failed/ambiguous Square charge does NOT burn the operator-relayed code
+	// and a same-key retry can re-verify the SAME code.
 	if req.CardID != nil && *req.CardID != "" {
-		if !requireTwoFactorForCardAccess(w, r, service, userID, req.VerificationCode) {
+		if !requireTwoFactorForCardAccess(w, r, service, userID, req.VerificationCode, false) {
 			return
 		}
 	}
@@ -2268,6 +2465,21 @@ func CreateBookingPayment(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
 		return
 	}
 
+	// MEDIUM-2: a saved-card charge reached its terminal SUCCESS state —
+	// consume the verified 2FA code now, inside the same transaction that
+	// records the completed charge (the gate verified without consuming, so a
+	// failed charge would not burn the code and a same-key retry could reuse
+	// it). Only runs for saved-card (CardID) charges — the gate only ran for
+	// those, and new-card charges have no code to consume.
+	if req.CardID != nil && *req.CardID != "" {
+		if consErr := twofa.ConsumePendingCode(r.Context(), tx2, userID); consErr != nil {
+			log.Printf("CRITICAL: Square payment %s (ID=%s) was processed but consuming the 2FA code for user %s failed: %v — manual reconciliation required",
+				paymentResult.Status, paymentResult.SquarePayID, userID, consErr)
+			http.Error(w, "internal server error", http.StatusInternalServerError)
+			return
+		}
+	}
+
 	// Insert the additional split records. They carry the derived -split-N
 	// idempotency keys, which are new rows; if the split produced only one
 	// record, there is nothing more to insert.
@@ -2825,8 +3037,10 @@ func CreatePaymentMethod(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
 	// requires 2FA when the feature is enforced — the same gate the booking
 	// and tip flows apply to req.SaveCard. Persisting a stored credential is
 	// exactly what the PSD2 SCA stand-in protects, so the dedicated save-card
-	// endpoint must not be the un-gated side door.
-	if !requireTwoFactorForCardAccess(w, r, service, userID, req.VerificationCode) {
+	// endpoint must not be the un-gated side door. consume=true: saving a card
+	// is a terminal operation with no downstream charge to attach consumption
+	// to (MEDIUM-2).
+	if !requireTwoFactorForCardAccess(w, r, service, userID, req.VerificationCode, true) {
 		return
 	}
 
@@ -2962,6 +3176,21 @@ func RefundPayment(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
 		return
 	}
 
+	// A tip payment is gratuity, not booking money: every refund computation
+	// excludes tip rows (GetBookingRefundableAmountPence, refunds.go, and the
+	// AdminRefundBooking query at handlers.go:3597). Refunding a tip here would
+	// pay the gratuity back while GetBookingRemainingBalancePence's refunded
+	// total re-opens booking charge capacity (a tip refund counts as "returned
+	// money") — a fully-paid booking would accept a second legitimate charge,
+	// double-collecting the balance. Tips are deliberately not refundable via
+	// this handler. Tip split rows share the charge's square_payment_id, so the
+	// Square reference guard below cannot catch them — this explicit check must
+	// run before it.
+	if payment.PaymentType == "tip" {
+		http.Error(w, "Cannot refund a tip payment", http.StatusBadRequest)
+		return
+	}
+
 	// Money-safety guard (M7): a payments row with NO booking is a gift-card
 	// purchase (BuyGiftCard inserts without a booking — the same discriminator
 	// the sweep uses in sweep.go). Refunding such a payment at Square returns
@@ -3910,7 +4139,11 @@ func CreateTipPayment(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
 	service := NewPaymentService()
 
 	// 2FA gating (C5): persisting a card requires 2FA when the feature is enforced.
-	if req.SaveCard && !requireTwoFactorForCardAccess(w, r, service, userID, req.VerificationCode) {
+	// consume=true: saving a card is a terminal operation (the card row is
+	// created right here), so the verified code is single-use immediately —
+	// unlike the saved-card CHARGE gate below, which defers consumption to the
+	// charge's terminal success (MEDIUM-2).
+	if req.SaveCard && !requireTwoFactorForCardAccess(w, r, service, userID, req.VerificationCode, true) {
 		return
 	}
 
@@ -4008,13 +4241,6 @@ func CreateTipPayment(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
 	var sourceID string
 	var savedCardID *string
 	var savedCardCustomerID string
-	// 2FA gating (C5): charging a SAVED card requires 2FA when the feature is
-	// enforced. New-card (nonce) charges are not gated.
-	if req.CardID != nil && *req.CardID != "" {
-		if !requireTwoFactorForCardAccess(w, r, service, userID, req.VerificationCode) {
-			return
-		}
-	}
 	sourceID, savedCardID, savedCardCustomerID, sourceOK := resolveChargeSource(r.Context(), w, service, userID, req.NewCardToken, req.CardID, req.SaveCard, "Card not found")
 	if !sourceOK {
 		return
@@ -4144,6 +4370,19 @@ func CreateTipPayment(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
 		log.Printf("Failed to check tip idempotency: %v", err)
 	}
 
+	// 2FA gating (C5): charging a SAVED card requires 2FA when the feature is
+	// enforced. New-card (nonce) charges are not gated. This runs AFTER the
+	// idempotency dedup's completed short-circuit (Loop B MEDIUM): a same-key
+	// lost-response retry returns the already-completed payment above without
+	// re-entering the gate, so its single-use code (already consumed by the
+	// original attempt) is never re-rejected as "expired". Pending-reuse and
+	// fresh paths still gate — a new charge may move at Square.
+	if req.CardID != nil && *req.CardID != "" {
+		if !requireTwoFactorForCardAccess(w, r, service, userID, req.VerificationCode, false) {
+			return
+		}
+	}
+
 	if !reusePendingRecord {
 		record := PaymentRecord{
 			BookingID:       bookingID,
@@ -4314,6 +4553,18 @@ func CreateTipPayment(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
 		http.Error(w, "internal server error", http.StatusInternalServerError)
 		return
 	}
+	// MEDIUM-2: a saved-card tip charge reached its terminal SUCCESS state —
+	// consume the verified 2FA code now, inside the transaction that records
+	// the completed charge (the gate verified without consuming, so a failed
+	// charge did not burn the code and a same-key retry could reuse it).
+	if req.CardID != nil && *req.CardID != "" {
+		if consErr := twofa.ConsumePendingCode(r.Context(), recheckTx, userID); consErr != nil {
+			log.Printf("CRITICAL: Square tip payment %s (ID=%s) was processed but consuming the 2FA code for user %s failed: %v — manual reconciliation required",
+				paymentResult.Status, paymentResult.SquarePayID, userID, consErr)
+			http.Error(w, "internal server error", http.StatusInternalServerError)
+			return
+		}
+	}
 	if cErr := recheckTx.Commit(r.Context()); cErr != nil {
 		log.Printf("CRITICAL: Square tip payment %s (ID=%s) succeeded but committing the post-charge status update for payment %s failed: %v — manual reconciliation required",
 			paymentResult.Status, paymentResult.SquarePayID, paymentID, cErr)
diff --git a/backend/handlers/payments/service.go b/backend/handlers/payments/service.go
index 67469f4..3d219a0 100644
--- a/backend/handlers/payments/service.go
+++ b/backend/handlers/payments/service.go
@@ -483,6 +483,10 @@ func (s *PaymentService) GetBookingPaymentInfo(ctx context.Context, bookingID st
 			FROM refunds r
 			JOIN payments p ON r.payment_id = p.id
 			WHERE p.booking_id = $1 AND r.status IN ('completed', 'pending')
+			  -- Tips are excluded from TotalPaid above, so a tip refund must
+			  -- equally be excluded here — otherwise a refunded tip would
+			  -- subtract from the paid total and re-open booking capacity.
+			  AND p.payment_type <> 'tip'
 			GROUP BY p.booking_id
 		) rr ON b.id = rr.booking_id
 		WHERE b.id = $1
@@ -521,6 +525,10 @@ func (s *PaymentService) GetBookingRemainingBalancePence(ctx context.Context, bo
 			FROM refunds r
 			JOIN payments p ON r.payment_id = p.id
 			WHERE p.booking_id = $1 AND r.status = 'completed'
+			  -- A tip refund returns gratuity, not booking money — it must not
+			  -- re-open booking charge capacity (mirror of the paid_total tip
+			  -- exclusion above).
+			  AND p.payment_type <> 'tip'
 		)
 		-- Money-safety (M-cap): refunds return money, so they re-open booking
 		-- capacity — remaining = total - paid + refunded. LEAST clamps the cap
diff --git a/backend/handlers/payments/sweep.go b/backend/handlers/payments/sweep.go
index 4478461..cc8579e 100644
--- a/backend/handlers/payments/sweep.go
+++ b/backend/handlers/payments/sweep.go
@@ -691,11 +691,12 @@ const replayLegitimateRetryWindow = 22 * time.Hour
 // which makes a retained-key dedup return the ORIGINAL charge with created <
 // r.CreatedAt. Without this tolerance the sweep would declare that original
 // payment a "new charge" and auto-refund a charge the customer legitimately
-// authorized. Anything at or before row.CreatedAt is therefore treated as
-// AMBIGUOUS (never auto-refunded, never rescued) — see
-// reconcileStalePaymentByKey. A payment created AFTER row.CreatedAt +
-// replayLegitimateRetryWindow remains the provable expired-key duplicate.
-const replayRescueLowerBoundSkew = time.Minute
+// authorized. A payment created within the skew BEFORE the row is therefore the
+// ORIGINAL and is rescued (Loop B MEDIUM — a >1min-ahead DB clock previously
+// stranded such a charge pending until the 24h blind-fail); only a payment
+// created more than the skew before the row, or after row.CreatedAt +
+// replayLegitimateRetryWindow, is ambiguous / a provable expired-key duplicate.
+const replayRescueLowerBoundSkew = 5 * time.Minute
 
 // replayMatchesRowAmount reports whether the replayed payment charged the same
 // amount the pending row records — the amount the sweep's replay body repeats
@@ -728,7 +729,14 @@ func replayWithinLegitimateWindow(r staleRow, pr *square.PaymentResult) bool {
 	if !ok || r.CreatedAt.IsZero() {
 		return false
 	}
-	return !created.Before(r.CreatedAt) && !created.After(r.CreatedAt.Add(replayLegitimateRetryWindow))
+	// The lower bound is replayRescueLowerBoundSkew BEFORE the row: a DB clock
+	// running ahead of Square's (independent NTP drift, VM pause/resume) can
+	// make a retained-key dedup return the ORIGINAL charge with created_at
+	// slightly before the pending row. Such a payment cannot be a provably-new
+	// expired-key replay (those land ~22h AFTER the row), so within the skew
+	// tolerance it is the legitimate original and must be rescued — not left
+	// pending to strand the customer's authorized charge (Loop B MEDIUM).
+	return !created.Before(r.CreatedAt.Add(-replayRescueLowerBoundSkew)) && !created.After(r.CreatedAt.Add(replayLegitimateRetryWindow))
 }
 
 // isSavedCardSource reports whether a Square source id is a card-on-file
@@ -769,10 +777,10 @@ func parseReplayedCreatedAt(pr *square.PaymentResult) (time.Time, bool) {
 // replayed payment that cannot be proven to be the original (or a retry
 // within the legitimate window) is never rescued (the row stays pending, a
 // CRITICAL log is raised and an admin notification inserted), so a hidden
-// second charge can never masquerade as the original one. The caller further
-// refuses to auto-refund a payment created BEFORE the row (replayRescueLowerBoundSkew
-// tolerance — a DB clock ahead of Square's can make the retained-key original
-// look slightly older): such a payment is not provably a new charge.
+// second charge can never masquerade as the original one. The lower bound of
+// the legitimate window is replayRescueLowerBoundSkew BEFORE the row: a DB
+// clock ahead of Square's can make the retained-key original look slightly
+// older, and such a payment is the legitimate original, not a new charge.
 //
 // The check runs ONLY against real Square timestamps: it is gated off in an
 // explicit dev/mock env because the dev mock returns payments whose CreatedAt
@@ -973,20 +981,15 @@ func reconcileStalePaymentByKey(ctx context.Context, table string, r staleRow) (
 			}
 			// B1 (MEDIUM 2): a replayed COMPLETED payment created BEFORE the
 			// pending row is NOT provably a new expired-key replay — those land
-			// ~22h AFTER the row. A retained-key dedup returns the ORIGINAL
-			// charge, and a DB clock running AHEAD of Square's (rows are
-			// inserted pending-first; independent NTP drift, VM pause/resume)
-			// can make that original's created_at lag the row's by up to
-			// replayRescueLowerBoundSkew. Auto-refunding it would reverse a
-			// legitimate payment the customer authorized, so any before-row
-			// created_at is ambiguous: the row is left PENDING with a CRITICAL
-			// notification for manual reconciliation.
+			// ~22h AFTER the row. Only genuinely-before payments reach this
+			// line: a payment within replayRescueLowerBoundSkew of the row is
+			// already treated as the ORIGINAL retained-key charge by
+			// replayWithinLegitimateWindow and rescued. This one is far enough
+			// before the row that no clock skew can explain it — the row is
+			// left PENDING with a CRITICAL notification for manual
+			// reconciliation, never auto-refunded.
 			if created.Before(r.CreatedAt) {
-				skew := "well before"
-				if !created.Before(r.CreatedAt.Add(-replayRescueLowerBoundSkew)) {
-					skew = "slightly before (within the clock-skew tolerance)"
-				}
-				return leavePendingCritical(ctx, r, "stale pending %s reconcile by key: the replayed COMPLETED payment %s was created %s the pending row %s — cannot prove it is a NEW expired-key replay (a DB clock ahead of Square's can make a retained-key original look slightly older) — leaving row %s PENDING — MANUAL RECONCILIATION REQUIRED: verify at Square whether this is a second charge before refunding", table, pr.ID, skew, r.ID, r.ID)
+				return leavePendingCritical(ctx, r, "stale pending %s reconcile by key: the replayed COMPLETED payment %s was created %s before the pending row %s (beyond the %s clock-skew tolerance) — cannot prove it is a NEW expired-key replay nor the ORIGINAL charge — leaving row %s PENDING — MANUAL RECONCILIATION REQUIRED: verify at Square whether this is a second charge before refunding", table, pr.ID, created.Sub(r.CreatedAt).Round(time.Minute), r.ID, replayRescueLowerBoundSkew, r.ID)
 			}
 			lag := created.Sub(r.CreatedAt).Round(time.Minute).String()
 			// B1: the replayed COMPLETED payment is a REAL charge the customer
diff --git a/backend/handlers/payments/sweep_test.go b/backend/handlers/payments/sweep_test.go
index 073a01c..1439fe7 100644
--- a/backend/handlers/payments/sweep_test.go
+++ b/backend/handlers/payments/sweep_test.go
@@ -1263,15 +1263,16 @@ func TestSweepStalePendingPayments_KeyedReplayOriginalPayment_Rescues(t *testing
 
 // TestSweepStalePendingPayments_KeyedReplayCreatedBeforeRow_LeavesPending locks
 // the B1 lower-bound clock-skew tolerance: a replayed COMPLETED payment created
-// slightly BEFORE the pending row must NOT be auto-refunded as a "new charge".
-// Rows are inserted pending-first (row.CreatedAt precedes Square's created_at by
+// BEFORE the pending row must NOT be auto-refunded as a "new charge". Rows are
+// inserted pending-first (row.CreatedAt precedes Square's created_at by
 // ~0.5-1s), and a DB clock running AHEAD of Square's (independent NTP drift, VM
 // pause/resume) makes a retained-key dedup return the ORIGINAL charge with
-// created < row.CreatedAt. Such a payment cannot be proven to be a new
-// expired-key replay (those land ~22h after the row), so auto-refunding it would
-// reverse a legitimate charge — the row is left PENDING with a CRITICAL
-// notification instead. Sequential (flips SQUARE_ENVIRONMENT), like the sibling
-// B1/A1 tests.
+// created < row.CreatedAt. A payment within replayRescueLowerBoundSkew of the
+// row is that clock-skewed ORIGINAL and is rescued (locked by
+// TestSweepStalePendingPayments_KeyedReplaySlightlyBeforeRow_Rescues); this
+// fixture sits BEYOND the 5-minute tolerance, where no clock skew can explain
+// it — the row is left PENDING with a CRITICAL notification instead. Sequential
+// (flips SQUARE_ENVIRONMENT), like the sibling B1/A1 tests.
 func TestSweepStalePendingPayments_KeyedReplayCreatedBeforeRow_LeavesPending(t *testing.T) {
 	ctx, tx := testutils.SetupTestTx(t)
 
@@ -1298,15 +1299,15 @@ func TestSweepStalePendingPayments_KeyedReplayCreatedBeforeRow_LeavesPending(t *
 		t.Fatalf("failed to age the stale payment: %v", err)
 	}
 
-	// The replayed COMPLETED payment is the ORIGINAL charge under a retained
-	// key whose created_at lags the DB row's by 2s — the DB clock running ahead
-	// of Square's. Seeding from the row's own timestamp (minus 2s) keeps the
-	// lag deterministic.
+	// The replayed COMPLETED payment is created 10 minutes BEFORE the row —
+	// beyond the 5-minute clock-skew tolerance, so it cannot be a clock-skewed
+	// retained-key original and must remain ambiguous. Seeding from the row's
+	// own timestamp keeps the lag deterministic.
 	var rowCreatedAt time.Time
 	if err := tx.QueryRow(ctx, "SELECT created_at FROM payments WHERE id = $1", staleID).Scan(&rowCreatedAt); err != nil {
 		t.Fatalf("failed to read aged payment created_at: %v", err)
 	}
-	skewedCreated := rowCreatedAt.Add(-2 * time.Second)
+	skewedCreated := rowCreatedAt.Add(-10 * time.Minute)
 
 	origClient := SquareClient
 	mock := square.NewDevClient()
@@ -1370,6 +1371,107 @@ func TestSweepStalePendingPayments_KeyedReplayCreatedBeforeRow_LeavesPending(t *
 	}
 }
 
+// TestSweepStalePendingPayments_KeyedReplaySlightlyBeforeRow_Rescues locks the
+// Loop B MEDIUM lower-bound fix: a replayed COMPLETED payment created slightly
+// BEFORE the pending row — within the 5-minute replayRescueLowerBoundSkew — is
+// the clock-skewed ORIGINAL charge under a retained key (a DB clock ahead of
+// Square's makes a retained-key dedup return the original with created <
+// row.CreatedAt), NOT a provably-new duplicate. It must be RESCUED to
+// 'completed'; stranding it pending (the pre-fix behavior for any before-row
+// payment) would leave the customer's legitimately-authorized charge to resolve
+// only via the 24h blind-fail as a WARN'd failed payment. Sequential (flips
+// SQUARE_ENVIRONMENT), like the sibling B1/A1 tests.
+func TestSweepStalePendingPayments_KeyedReplaySlightlyBeforeRow_Rescues(t *testing.T) {
+	ctx, tx := testutils.SetupTestTx(t)
+
+	userID, err := fixtures.CreateTestUser(tx)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("failed to create user: %v", err)
+	}
+	serviceID, err := fixtures.CreateTestService(tx)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("failed to create service: %v", err)
+	}
+	bookingID, err := fixtures.CreateTestBookingAtTime(tx, userID, serviceID,
+		time.Date(2099, 12, 31, 10, 0, 0, 0, time.UTC))
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("failed to create booking: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	staleID, err := fixtures.CreateTestPayment(tx, bookingID, 2000.00, "online_square", "full", "pending")
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("failed to create stale pending payment: %v", err)
+	}
+	const key = "key-retained-within-skew"
+	if _, err := tx.Exec(ctx, "UPDATE payments SET created_at = NOW() - INTERVAL '23 hours', idempotency_key = $1, square_source_id = 'ccof:test-saved-card', created_by = $2 WHERE id = $3", key, userID, staleID); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("failed to age the stale payment: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	// The replayed COMPLETED payment is the ORIGINAL charge under a retained
+	// key whose created_at lags the DB row's by 2 minutes — inside the 5-minute
+	// clock-skew tolerance. Seeding from the row's own timestamp keeps the lag
+	// deterministic.
+	var rowCreatedAt time.Time
+	if err := tx.QueryRow(ctx, "SELECT created_at FROM payments WHERE id = $1", staleID).Scan(&rowCreatedAt); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("failed to read aged payment created_at: %v", err)
+	}
+	skewedCreated := rowCreatedAt.Add(-2 * time.Minute)
+
+	origClient := SquareClient
+	mock := square.NewDevClient()
+	t.Setenv("SQUARE_ENVIRONMENT", "production")
+	SquareClient = &staleReplayClient{SquareClient: mock, result: &square.PaymentResult{
+		Status:      "COMPLETED",
+		ID:          "pay_original_within_skew",
+		SquarePayID: "pay_original_within_skew",
+		CreatedAt:   skewedCreated.Format(time.RFC3339Nano),
+	}}
+	defer func() { SquareClient = origClient }()
+
+	pgxTx := db.TxFromContext(ctx)
+	if pgxTx == nil {
+		t.Fatal("no transaction in context")
+	}
+	if err := pgxTx.Commit(ctx); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("failed to commit test tx: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	t.Cleanup(func() {
+		_, _ = db.Conn.Exec(context.Background(), `DELETE FROM refunds WHERE payment_id = $1`, staleID)
+		_, _ = db.Conn.Exec(context.Background(), `DELETE FROM admin_notifications WHERE reason = 'critical_payment_log' AND user_id = $1`, userID)
+		_, _ = db.Conn.Exec(context.Background(), `DELETE FROM payments WHERE id = $1`, staleID)
+		_, _ = db.Conn.Exec(context.Background(), `DELETE FROM bookings WHERE id = $1`, bookingID)
+		_, _ = db.Conn.Exec(context.Background(), `DELETE FROM services WHERE id = $1`, serviceID)
+		_, _ = db.Conn.Exec(context.Background(), `DELETE FROM users WHERE id = $1`, userID)
+	})
+
+	freshCtx := context.Background()
+	if _, err := SweepStalePendingPayments(freshCtx); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("sweep failed: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	// Within-tolerance before-row: the clock-skewed ORIGINAL is rescued, never
+	// auto-refunded and never left pending.
+	var status, sqPayID string
+	if err := db.Conn.QueryRow(freshCtx, "SELECT status, COALESCE(square_payment_id, '') FROM payments WHERE id = $1", staleID).Scan(&status, &sqPayID); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("failed to query payment: %v", err)
+	}
+	if status != "completed" {
+		t.Errorf("expected a within-tolerance before-row replay rescued to 'completed', got %q", status)
+	}
+	if sqPayID != "pay_original_within_skew" {
+		t.Errorf("expected square_payment_id %s written back on the rescue, got %q", "pay_original_within_skew", sqPayID)
+	}
+
+	var refundCount int
+	if err := db.Conn.QueryRow(freshCtx, `SELECT COUNT(*) FROM refunds WHERE payment_id = $1`, staleID).Scan(&refundCount); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("failed to count refunds: %v", err)
+	}
+	if refundCount != 0 {
+		t.Errorf("expected NO auto-refund of a within-tolerance before-row original, got %d refund rows", refundCount)
+	}
+}
+
 // TestSweepStalePendingPayments_KeyedReplayRetryAt215h_Rescues locks the B2
 // dead-zone fix: a same-key retry whose charge landed 21.5h after the pending
 // row (between the old 21h window and the 22h sweep cutoff) is the REAL charge
diff --git a/backend/handlers/payments/till.go b/backend/handlers/payments/till.go
index 4302734..b886c8e 100644
--- a/backend/handlers/payments/till.go
+++ b/backend/handlers/payments/till.go
@@ -17,6 +17,7 @@ import (
 
 	"crussell/db"
 	"crussell/internal/square"
+	"crussell/internal/twofa"
 	"crussell/internal/validators"
 	"crussell/mw"
 
@@ -888,6 +889,11 @@ func CreateTillSale(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
 		}
 	}
 
+	// cardUserID is the owner of the charged saved card (till sales are not
+	// user-scoped). Resolved in the saved_card case below; hoisted here because
+	// the post-charge 2FA consumption + audit after the Square call need it.
+	var cardUserID sql.NullString
+
 	switch req.PaymentMethod {
 	case "cash":
 		saleStatus = "completed"
@@ -909,13 +915,14 @@ func CreateTillSale(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
 
 		// The till path is not user-scoped, so fetch the card's owner along with
 		// the charge details — the owner is needed to lazily provision a Square
-		// customer if the row predates P14 (R6).
-		var cardUserID sql.NullString
+		// customer if the row predates P14 (R6). cardUserID is declared at
+		// function scope (before the switch) because the post-charge 2FA
+		// consumption + audit need it after the Square call.
 		err = tx.QueryRow(ctx, `
-			SELECT user_id, COALESCE(square_card_id, ''), COALESCE(square_customer_id, '')
-			FROM user_saved_cards
-			WHERE id = $1 AND deleted_at IS NULL
-		`, *req.UserSavedCardID).Scan(&cardUserID, &savedCardSqCardID, &savedCardCustomerID)
+		SELECT user_id, COALESCE(square_card_id, ''), COALESCE(square_customer_id, '')
+		FROM user_saved_cards
+		WHERE id = $1 AND deleted_at IS NULL
+	`, *req.UserSavedCardID).Scan(&cardUserID, &savedCardSqCardID, &savedCardCustomerID)
 		if err != nil {
 			log.Printf("Failed to get saved card details: %v", err)
 			http.Error(w, "Card not found", http.StatusNotFound)
@@ -947,8 +954,12 @@ func CreateTillSale(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
 		}
 
 		// 2FA gating (C5): charging a customer's saved card requires 2FA when
-		// the feature is enforced.
-		if cardUserID.Valid && !requireTwoFactorForCardAccess(w, r, service, cardUserID.String, req.VerificationCode) {
+		// the feature is enforced. consume=false (MEDIUM-2): the code is
+		// verified here but only NULLed once the charge reaches its terminal
+		// success state below (ConsumePendingCode), so a failed/ambiguous
+		// Square charge does NOT burn the operator-relayed code and a same-key
+		// retry can re-verify the SAME code.
+		if cardUserID.Valid && !requireTwoFactorForCardAccess(w, r, service, cardUserID.String, req.VerificationCode, false) {
 			return
 		}
 
@@ -1274,6 +1285,28 @@ func CreateTillSale(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
 			return
 		}
 
+		// MEDIUM-2: a saved-card till charge reached its terminal SUCCESS state
+		// — consume the verified 2FA code now (the gate verified without
+		// consuming, so a failed/ambiguous charge did not burn the code and a
+		// same-key retry could reuse it). Best-effort after the completion
+		// write: a consume failure cannot undo the completed sale, it only
+		// leaves the code valid until its 10-minute expiry.
+		if req.PaymentMethod == "saved_card" && cardUserID.Valid {
+			if consErr := twofa.ConsumePendingCode(ctx, db.Conn, cardUserID.String); consErr != nil {
+				log.Printf("CRITICAL: Square payment %s succeeded but consuming the 2FA code for user %s failed: %v — MANUAL RECONCILIATION REQUIRED", paymentResult.SquarePayID, cardUserID.String, consErr)
+			}
+			// MEDIUM-3a: record the admin-initiated saved-card till charge in
+			// admin_audit_log (mirroring giftcards.go's balance_check audit).
+			insertAdminAuditCharge(ctx, adminID, cardUserID.String, "till_saved_card_charge", map[string]any{
+				"till_sale_id":      tillSaleID,
+				"item_type":         req.ItemType,
+				"gift_card_id":      giftCardID,
+				"amount":            req.Amount,
+				"card_last4":        paymentResult.CardLast4,
+				"square_payment_id": paymentResult.SquarePayID,
+			})
+		}
+
 		saleStatus = "completed"
 	}
 
diff --git a/backend/handlers/payments/twofa.go b/backend/handlers/payments/twofa.go
index 5db93ad..59aba22 100644
--- a/backend/handlers/payments/twofa.go
+++ b/backend/handlers/payments/twofa.go
@@ -75,14 +75,18 @@ func (s *PaymentService) UserTwoFactorEnabled(ctx context.Context, userID string
 // stored pending 2FA code. It is a thin delegation shim over
 // twofa.VerifyForUser — the single source of truth for the verification core
 // (per-user brute-force lockout, constant-time compare, legacy pre-pepper
-// hash fallback, code lifetime). consume=true is passed so a verified code is
-// SINGLE-USE: the gate NULLs the pending code on success, so one code
-// authorizes exactly one saved-card charge (not unlimited charges for its
-// 10-minute lifetime). It returns nil on a valid code, or a classified
-// twofa.ErrIncorrect / twofa.ErrLockedOut / twofa.ErrMissingOrExpired (or a
-// wrapped DB error) for the caller to map to the correct HTTP status.
-func verifyPendingTwoFactorCode(ctx context.Context, userID, code string) error {
-	return twofa.VerifyForUser(ctx, userID, code, true)
+// hash fallback, code lifetime). consume=true makes a verified code SINGLE-USE
+// immediately (the pending code is NULLed on success); consume=false verifies
+// WITHOUT consuming (MEDIUM-2 — the saved-card CHARGE gates pass false and
+// defer consumption to the completed-charge transaction via
+// twofa.ConsumePendingCode, so a failed Square charge does not burn the code;
+// the save-card SAVE gate passes true because saving a card is a terminal
+// operation with no downstream charge to attach consumption to). It returns nil
+// on a valid code, or a classified twofa.ErrIncorrect / twofa.ErrLockedOut /
+// twofa.ErrMissingOrExpired (or a wrapped DB error) for the caller to map to
+// the correct HTTP status.
+func verifyPendingTwoFactorCode(ctx context.Context, userID, code string, consume bool) error {
+	return twofa.VerifyForUser(ctx, userID, code, consume)
 }
 
 // requireTwoFactorForCardAccess gates the saved-card online payment paths
@@ -100,6 +104,13 @@ func verifyPendingTwoFactorCode(ctx context.Context, userID, code string) error
 // operator relays (delivery is the user package's build-dependent [2FA] log /
 // email-SMS channel).
 //
+// consume controls whether a verified code is NULLed immediately (consume=true
+// — the save-card SAVE gate) or left intact for the caller to consume when its
+// operation reaches a terminal success state (consume=false — the saved-card
+// CHARGE gates; see verifyPendingTwoFactorCode / twofa.ConsumePendingCode,
+// MEDIUM-2). In every case the 5-attempt lockout and the
+// code-destroy-on-lockout semantics are unchanged (twofa.Check).
+//
 // The code check is delegated to crussell/internal/twofa via
 // verifyPendingTwoFactorCode, so this gate participates in the SAME per-user
 // brute-force lockout (5 failed attempts invalidate the pending code) as the
@@ -109,7 +120,7 @@ func verifyPendingTwoFactorCode(ctx context.Context, userID, code string) error
 //
 // On any denial an error JSON is written (parseable by the frontend via
 // extractErrorMessage) and false is returned — the caller must abort the charge.
-func requireTwoFactorForCardAccess(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request, service *PaymentService, userID, verificationCode string) bool {
+func requireTwoFactorForCardAccess(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request, service *PaymentService, userID, verificationCode string, consume bool) bool {
 	if !twoFactorEnforced() {
 		return true
 	}
@@ -136,7 +147,7 @@ func requireTwoFactorForCardAccess(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request, servi
 		mw.RespondError(w, http.StatusForbidden, "A two-factor verification code is required to use this saved card. Ask the customer for their current code.")
 		return false
 	}
-	switch err := verifyPendingTwoFactorCode(r.Context(), userID, verificationCode); {
+	switch err := verifyPendingTwoFactorCode(r.Context(), userID, verificationCode, consume); {
 	case err == nil:
 		return true
 	case errors.Is(err, twofa.ErrIncorrect):
diff --git a/backend/handlers/payments/twofa_test.go b/backend/handlers/payments/twofa_test.go
index 86aa3e1..d67252e 100644
--- a/backend/handlers/payments/twofa_test.go
+++ b/backend/handlers/payments/twofa_test.go
@@ -108,7 +108,7 @@ func TestRequireTwoFactorForCardAccess_NotEnforced(t *testing.T) {
 	t.Setenv("SQUARE_ENVIRONMENT", "mock")
 	req := httptest.NewRequest(http.MethodPost, "/", nil)
 	w := httptest.NewRecorder()
-	require.True(t, requireTwoFactorForCardAccess(w, req, nil, "000000000001", ""))
+	require.True(t, requireTwoFactorForCardAccess(w, req, nil, "000000000001", "", false))
 	require.Equal(t, http.StatusOK, w.Code, "no response must be written when not enforced")
 }
 
@@ -121,7 +121,7 @@ func TestRequireTwoFactorForCardAccess_Enforced(t *testing.T) {
 		require.NoError(t, err)
 		req := httptest.NewRequest(http.MethodPost, "/", nil).WithContext(ctx)
 		w := httptest.NewRecorder()
-		ok := requireTwoFactorForCardAccess(w, req, NewPaymentService(), userID, "123456")
+		ok := requireTwoFactorForCardAccess(w, req, NewPaymentService(), userID, "123456", false)
 		require.False(t, ok)
 		require.Equal(t, http.StatusForbidden, w.Code)
 		var body map[string]string
@@ -137,7 +137,7 @@ func TestRequireTwoFactorForCardAccess_Enforced(t *testing.T) {
 		req := httptest.NewRequest(http.MethodPost, "/", nil).WithContext(ctx)
 		w := httptest.NewRecorder()
 		// B10: the enabled setup flag alone must NOT unlock the gate.
-		ok := requireTwoFactorForCardAccess(w, req, NewPaymentService(), userID, "")
+		ok := requireTwoFactorForCardAccess(w, req, NewPaymentService(), userID, "", false)
 		require.False(t, ok)
 		require.Equal(t, http.StatusForbidden, w.Code)
 	})
@@ -148,7 +148,7 @@ func TestRequireTwoFactorForCardAccess_Enforced(t *testing.T) {
 		seedTwoFAPendingCode(t, tx, userID, "424242")
 		req := httptest.NewRequest(http.MethodPost, "/", nil).WithContext(ctx)
 		w := httptest.NewRecorder()
-		require.True(t, requireTwoFactorForCardAccess(w, req, NewPaymentService(), userID, "424242"))
+		require.True(t, requireTwoFactorForCardAccess(w, req, NewPaymentService(), userID, "424242", false))
 		require.Equal(t, http.StatusOK, w.Code)
 	})
 
@@ -158,7 +158,7 @@ func TestRequireTwoFactorForCardAccess_Enforced(t *testing.T) {
 		seedTwoFAPendingCode(t, tx, userID, "424242")
 		req := httptest.NewRequest(http.MethodPost, "/", nil).WithContext(ctx)
 		w := httptest.NewRecorder()
-		ok := requireTwoFactorForCardAccess(w, req, NewPaymentService(), userID, "000000")
+		ok := requireTwoFactorForCardAccess(w, req, NewPaymentService(), userID, "000000", false)
 		require.False(t, ok)
 		require.Equal(t, http.StatusBadRequest, w.Code)
 		var body map[string]string
@@ -169,7 +169,7 @@ func TestRequireTwoFactorForCardAccess_Enforced(t *testing.T) {
 	t.Run("unknown_user_writes_403_json", func(t *testing.T) {
 		req := httptest.NewRequest(http.MethodPost, "/", nil).WithContext(ctx)
 		w := httptest.NewRecorder()
-		require.False(t, requireTwoFactorForCardAccess(w, req, NewPaymentService(), "000000000000", "123456"))
+		require.False(t, requireTwoFactorForCardAccess(w, req, NewPaymentService(), "000000000000", "123456", false))
 		require.Equal(t, http.StatusForbidden, w.Code)
 		var body map[string]string
 		require.NoError(t, json.Unmarshal(w.Body.Bytes(), &body), "403 body must be mw.RespondError JSON")
@@ -177,12 +177,14 @@ func TestRequireTwoFactorForCardAccess_Enforced(t *testing.T) {
 	})
 }
 
-// TestRequireTwoFactorForCardAccess_CodeIsSingleUse pins the finding-1 fix: a
-// code verified through the gate is CONSUMED (the pending code is NULLed), so
-// the same code cannot authorize a second saved-card charge within its
-// 10-minute lifetime. The second attempt with the same code is denied with the
-// documented "expired — request a new one" 400.
-func TestRequireTwoFactorForCardAccess_CodeIsSingleUse(t *testing.T) {
+// TestRequireTwoFactorForCardAccess_VerifyDoesNotConsume pins the MEDIUM-2
+// contract: the charge gate verifies the code WITHOUT consuming it (consume
+// happens later, at the charge's terminal SUCCESS state via
+// twofa.ConsumePendingCode), so a failed/ambiguous Square charge does NOT burn
+// the operator-relayed code — a same-key retry can re-verify the SAME code.
+// Only an explicit ConsumePendingCode (the completed-charge path) NULLs it,
+// after which the code is dead ("expired").
+func TestRequireTwoFactorForCardAccess_VerifyDoesNotConsume(t *testing.T) {
 	helperEnvEnforce2FA(t)
 	ctx, tx := testutils.SetupTestTx(t)
 	userID, err := fixtures.CreateTestUser(tx)
@@ -191,17 +193,27 @@ func TestRequireTwoFactorForCardAccess_CodeIsSingleUse(t *testing.T) {
 
 	req := httptest.NewRequest(http.MethodPost, "/", nil).WithContext(ctx)
 	w := httptest.NewRecorder()
-	require.True(t, requireTwoFactorForCardAccess(w, req, NewPaymentService(), userID, "424242"), "first use of the code must pass the gate")
+	require.True(t, requireTwoFactorForCardAccess(w, req, NewPaymentService(), userID, "424242", false), "first gate pass must succeed")
 	require.Equal(t, http.StatusOK, w.Code)
 
-	// The verified code must now be consumed (NULLed) in the DB.
+	// The code must still be present — the gate verified WITHOUT consuming.
 	var pendingHash sql.NullString
 	require.NoError(t, tx.QueryRow(ctx, "SELECT two_factor_pending_code_hash FROM users WHERE id = $1", userID).Scan(&pendingHash))
-	require.False(t, pendingHash.Valid, "a verified gate code must be consumed (NULLed)")
+	require.True(t, pendingHash.Valid, "the gate must NOT consume the code (MEDIUM-2)")
 
-	// A second charge attempt with the same code must be denied as expired.
+	// A same-key retry (e.g. after a failed Square charge) re-verifies the SAME code.
 	w = httptest.NewRecorder()
-	require.False(t, requireTwoFactorForCardAccess(w, req, NewPaymentService(), userID, "424242"), "a consumed code must not pass the gate twice")
+	require.True(t, requireTwoFactorForCardAccess(w, req, NewPaymentService(), userID, "424242", false), "a not-yet-consumed code must pass the gate again on retry")
+	require.Equal(t, http.StatusOK, w.Code)
+
+	// Consumption happens at the charge's terminal SUCCESS state.
+	require.NoError(t, twofa.ConsumePendingCode(ctx, tx, userID))
+	require.NoError(t, tx.QueryRow(ctx, "SELECT two_factor_pending_code_hash FROM users WHERE id = $1", userID).Scan(&pendingHash))
+	require.False(t, pendingHash.Valid, "ConsumePendingCode must NULL the pending code")
+
+	// A further attempt with the consumed code is denied as expired.
+	w = httptest.NewRecorder()
+	require.False(t, requireTwoFactorForCardAccess(w, req, NewPaymentService(), userID, "424242", false), "a consumed code must not pass the gate")
 	require.Equal(t, http.StatusBadRequest, w.Code)
 	var body map[string]string
 	require.NoError(t, json.Unmarshal(w.Body.Bytes(), &body))
@@ -427,3 +439,83 @@ func TestTwoFactorEnforced_CreateTillSale_SavedCard_With2FA_Succeeds(t *testing.
 
 	require.Contains(t, []int{http.StatusOK, http.StatusCreated}, w.Code, w.Body.String())
 }
+
+// TestTwoFactorEnforced_CreateBookingPayment_SaveCard_Retry_ReturnsCompleted
+// pins the Loop B MEDIUM gate-ordering fix: the save-card 2FA gate runs AFTER
+// the idempotency dedup's completed short-circuit. A same-key lost-response
+// retry re-sends the SAME single-use verification code that the original
+// attempt already consumed; if the gate ran first it would 400 "Verification
+// code expired". With the gate below the dedup, the retry returns the
+// already-completed payment instead of re-entering the gate.
+func TestTwoFactorEnforced_CreateBookingPayment_SaveCard_Retry_ReturnsCompleted(t *testing.T) {
+	helperEnvEnforce2FA(t)
+	ctx, tx := testutils.SetupTestTx(t)
+
+	userID, bookingID, _ := setupTestData(t, ctx, tx)
+	userToken := jwt.GenerateUserToken(userID)
+	seedTwoFAPendingCode(t, tx, userID, "778899")
+
+	cardToken := "cnon:2fa-save-card-retry"
+	req := CreateBookingPaymentRequest{
+		Amount:           2500,
+		PaymentType:      "deposit",
+		NewCardToken:     &cardToken,
+		SaveCard:         true,
+		IdempotencyKey:   "2fa-save-card-retry",
+		VerificationCode: "778899",
+	}
+
+	handler := withNonGuest(CreateBookingPayment)
+	w := makePaymentRequest(handler, "POST", "/api/bookings/"+bookingID+"/payment", req, userToken, ctx)
+	require.Equal(t, http.StatusOK, w.Code, w.Body.String())
+
+	// Same-key retry re-sends the identical request, whose code is now
+	// consumed. The completed-dedup must return the payment before the gate.
+	w2 := makePaymentRequest(handler, "POST", "/api/bookings/"+bookingID+"/payment", req, userToken, ctx)
+	require.Equal(t, http.StatusOK, w2.Code, "same-key retry must dedup to the completed payment, not re-run the gate: %s", w2.Body.String())
+
+	var payCount int
+	require.NoError(t, tx.QueryRow(ctx, "SELECT COUNT(*) FROM payments WHERE booking_id = $1", bookingID).Scan(&payCount))
+	require.Equal(t, 1, payCount, "the retry must not create a second payment")
+}
+
+// TestTwoFactorEnforced_CreateTipPayment_SavedCard_Retry_ReturnsCompleted pins
+// the Loop B MEDIUM gate-ordering fix on the tip endpoint: the saved-card
+// charge 2FA gate runs AFTER the tip idempotency dedup's completed
+// short-circuit. A same-key lost-response retry re-sends the SAME single-use
+// verification code the original attempt consumed; with the gate first it would
+// 400 "expired", with the gate below the dedup the retry returns the completed
+// tip instead.
+func TestTwoFactorEnforced_CreateTipPayment_SavedCard_Retry_ReturnsCompleted(t *testing.T) {
+	helperEnvEnforce2FA(t)
+	ctx, tx := testutils.SetupTestTx(t)
+
+	userID, bookingID, _ := setupTestDataPast(t, ctx, tx)
+	userToken := jwt.GenerateUserToken(userID)
+	seedTwoFAPendingCode(t, tx, userID, "667788")
+
+	_, err := fixtures.CreateTestPayment(tx, bookingID, 5000.00, "online_square", "full", "completed")
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	cardID, err := fixtures.CreateTestPaymentMethod(tx, userID, "ccof:mock_card_tip_retry", "VISA", "4321")
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	req := CreateTipPaymentRequest{
+		Amount:           500,
+		CardID:           &cardID,
+		IdempotencyKey:   "2fa-tip-saved-card-retry",
+		VerificationCode: "667788",
+	}
+
+	handler := withNonGuest(CreateTipPayment)
+	w := makePaymentRequest(handler, "POST", "/api/bookings/"+bookingID+"/tip", req, userToken, ctx)
+	require.Equal(t, http.StatusOK, w.Code, w.Body.String())
+
+	// Same-key retry re-sends the identical request, whose code is now
+	// consumed. The completed-dedup must return the tip before the gate.
+	w2 := makePaymentRequest(handler, "POST", "/api/bookings/"+bookingID+"/tip", req, userToken, ctx)
+	require.Equal(t, http.StatusOK, w2.Code, "same-key retry must dedup to the completed tip, not re-run the gate: %s", w2.Body.String())
+
+	var tipCount int
+	require.NoError(t, tx.QueryRow(ctx, "SELECT COUNT(*) FROM payments WHERE booking_id = $1 AND payment_type = 'tip'", bookingID).Scan(&tipCount))
+	require.Equal(t, 1, tipCount, "the retry must not create a second tip")
+}
diff --git a/backend/handlers/user/twofa.go b/backend/handlers/user/twofa.go
index 829e64e..587136a 100644
--- a/backend/handlers/user/twofa.go
+++ b/backend/handlers/user/twofa.go
@@ -340,9 +340,11 @@ func checkTwoFACode(r *http.Request, userID string, st *twoFAAttemptState, reqCo
 // Coordination contract for the payments agent (B6/B10): handlers/payments
 // cannot import handlers/user — handlers/user imports handlers/payments
 // (TwoFactorEnforced, SquareClient), so a payments→user import is a cycle. The
-// payments gate must call twofa.VerifyForUser(ctx, userID, code) from
+// payments gate must call twofa.VerifyForUser(ctx, userID, code, consume) from
 // crussell/internal/twofa (the shared home of this verification core) instead
-// of importing this package.
+// of importing this package. Since MEDIUM-2 the payments saved-card CHARGE
+// gates pass consume=false and NULL the code at the charge's terminal success
+// via twofa.ConsumePendingCode; the save-card SAVE gates pass consume=true.
 func VerifyTwoFACodeForUser(ctx context.Context, userID, code string) error {
 	st := twoFAAttemptStateFor(userID)
 	st.Mu.Lock()
diff --git a/backend/handlers/user/twofa_dev.go b/backend/handlers/user/twofa_dev.go
index 38f71df..2609dbc 100644
--- a/backend/handlers/user/twofa_dev.go
+++ b/backend/handlers/user/twofa_dev.go
@@ -49,8 +49,15 @@ func twoFAEnsureIssueAllowed() error { return nil }
 // the user out-of-band until email/SMS lands. Production builds log it ONLY
 // when the operator explicitly opts in via TWO_FACTOR_ALLOW_LOG_DELIVERY=true
 // (see twofa_prod.go); otherwise they refuse issuance up front.
+//
+// MEDIUM-3b: the user id and the plaintext code are written to SEPARATE log
+// lines so a log line cannot trivially pair a code with its owner. The two
+// lines are still correlated by proximity, but a single-line grep or a log
+// redaction rule that masks a "code" pattern no longer discloses the identity
+// in the same record.
 func twoFADeliverCode(userID, label, code string) {
-	log.Printf("[2FA] verification code for user %s (%s): %s", userID, label, code)
+	log.Printf("[2FA] code delivery requested (user=%s, purpose=%s)", userID, label)
+	log.Printf("[2FA] code: %s", code)
 }
 
 // twoFADeliveryAvailable reports whether a 2FA code delivery channel exists in
diff --git a/backend/handlers/user/twofa_prod.go b/backend/handlers/user/twofa_prod.go
index 0524bfa..94484b0 100644
--- a/backend/handlers/user/twofa_prod.go
+++ b/backend/handlers/user/twofa_prod.go
@@ -94,10 +94,12 @@ func twoFAEnsureIssueAllowed() error {
 // unreachable. With the flag set, the code is written to the [2FA] log line
 // and an operator relays it to the user out-of-band, exactly like the
 // documented dev flow — the operator has accepted the risk of log-based
-// delivery.
+// delivery. MEDIUM-3b: the user id and the plaintext code go to SEPARATE log
+// lines so a single record cannot trivially pair a code with its owner.
 func twoFADeliverCode(userID, label, code string) {
 	if os.Getenv(twoFAAllowLogDeliveryEnv) == "true" {
-		log.Printf("[2FA] verification code for user %s (%s): %s", userID, label, code)
+		log.Printf("[2FA] code delivery requested (user=%s, purpose=%s)", userID, label)
+		log.Printf("[2FA] code: %s", code)
 	}
 	// Otherwise: deliberate no-op — never log the plaintext code by default.
 }
diff --git a/backend/handlers/webhooks/square.go b/backend/handlers/webhooks/square.go
index ac09df5..41040a0 100644
--- a/backend/handlers/webhooks/square.go
+++ b/backend/handlers/webhooks/square.go
@@ -153,17 +153,17 @@ func webhookDBContext() (context.Context, context.CancelFunc) {
 // squareEnvironmentMismatch reports whether the webhook's square-environment
 // header conflicts with the deployment's configured SQUARE_ENVIRONMENT.
 //
-// The check is enforced ONLY when the configured environment is a known real
-// Square environment (production/sandbox): those are the deployments where a
-// mis-pointed subscription (e.g. a sandbox subscription posting to the
-// production URL + signing key) would process events against the wrong state.
-// In dev/mock deployments — or an empty/unknown SQUARE_ENVIRONMENT, which the
-// rest of the backend treats as fail-closed production but is not a specific
-// real environment to compare against — the header is informational and a
-// mismatch is not rejectable. The dev/mock determination delegates to the
-// shared payments.IsExplicitDevOrMockEnv (handlers/payments/twofa.go) rather
-// than re-implementing the env-value list, so this check and the 2FA gate can
-// never diverge on what counts as the dev/mock stack.
+// The check is enforced for every non-dev/mock deployment: configured
+// production and sandbox are compared directly, and an EMPTY or UNKNOWN
+// configured SQUARE_ENVIRONMENT is treated as PRODUCTION (LOW-4) — matching how
+// the rest of the backend treats empty/unknown env fail-closed (main.go:214
+// and payments twofa.go:40-42) — so a sandbox subscription mis-pointed at an
+// unconfigured production URL cannot process sandbox events against production
+// state. In dev/mock deployments the header is informational and a mismatch is
+// not rejectable; the dev/mock determination delegates to the shared
+// payments.IsExplicitDevOrMockEnv (handlers/payments/twofa.go) rather than
+// re-implementing the env-value list, so this check and the 2FA gate can never
+// diverge on what counts as the dev/mock stack.
 //
 // An absent header is allowed through: real Square deliveries always send it,
 // so a missing header in an enforced deployment is a non-Square client (which
@@ -189,10 +189,11 @@ func squareEnvironmentMismatch(headerEnv string) bool {
 		return false
 	}
 	configured := strings.ToLower(strings.TrimSpace(os.Getenv("SQUARE_ENVIRONMENT")))
-	if configured != "production" && configured != "sandbox" {
-		// Empty/unknown configured environment — no specific real environment
-		// to enforce against; the header is informational only.
-		return false
+	if configured != "sandbox" {
+		// Empty/unknown configured environment is treated as PRODUCTION for the
+		// env check (LOW-4), matching the fail-closed production default the
+		// rest of the backend applies to empty/unknown SQUARE_ENVIRONMENT.
+		configured = "production"
 	}
 	return headerEnv != configured
 }
diff --git a/backend/handlers/webhooks/webhooks_test.go b/backend/handlers/webhooks/webhooks_test.go
index 5351b55..2602d17 100644
--- a/backend/handlers/webhooks/webhooks_test.go
+++ b/backend/handlers/webhooks/webhooks_test.go
@@ -998,6 +998,45 @@ func TestHandleSquareWebhook_EnvMismatch_DevNotEnforced(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 }
 
+// TestSquareEnvironmentMismatch_EmptyConfigTreatedAsProduction pins the LOW-4
+// fix: an EMPTY/UNKNOWN configured SQUARE_ENVIRONMENT is treated as
+// PRODUCTION for the webhook env check (matching main.go:214 and payments
+// twofa.go:40-42's fail-closed default), so a sandbox subscription mis-pointed
+// at an unconfigured production URL is rejected instead of silently accepted.
+func TestSquareEnvironmentMismatch_EmptyConfigTreatedAsProduction(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Setenv("SQUARE_ENVIRONMENT", "")
+
+	// Empty/unknown configured env behaves exactly like "production": a
+	// sandbox header is a mismatch, a production header is a match.
+	if !squareEnvironmentMismatch("sandbox") {
+		t.Error("empty SQUARE_ENVIRONMENT must be treated as production (sandbox header = mismatch)")
+	}
+	if squareEnvironmentMismatch("production") {
+		t.Error("empty SQUARE_ENVIRONMENT treated as production must match a production header")
+	}
+	if squareEnvironmentMismatch("PRODUCTION") {
+		t.Error("header comparison must stay case-insensitive")
+	}
+	if squareEnvironmentMismatch("") {
+		t.Error("an absent header must stay allowed")
+	}
+
+	// An explicit sandbox config still enforces sandbox semantics.
+	t.Setenv("SQUARE_ENVIRONMENT", "sandbox")
+	if squareEnvironmentMismatch("sandbox") {
+		t.Error("sandbox config must match a sandbox header")
+	}
+	if !squareEnvironmentMismatch("production") {
+		t.Error("sandbox config must reject a production header")
+	}
+
+	// An explicit dev/mock config never enforces the header check.
+	t.Setenv("SQUARE_ENVIRONMENT", "mock")
+	if squareEnvironmentMismatch("sandbox") {
+		t.Error("dev/mock deployments must not enforce the header check")
+	}
+}
+
 // =============================================================================
 // Bounded post-dispatch DB contexts (finding b)
 // =============================================================================
diff --git a/backend/internal/twofa/twofa.go b/backend/internal/twofa/twofa.go
index b156dde..638e656 100644
--- a/backend/internal/twofa/twofa.go
+++ b/backend/internal/twofa/twofa.go
@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@
 //
 // Contract for the payments gate:
 //
-//	err := twofa.VerifyForUser(ctx, userID, code, true) // consume = true
+//	err := twofa.VerifyForUser(ctx, userID, code, false) // consume = false
 //	if err != nil {
 //		switch {
 //		case errors.Is(err, twofa.ErrIncorrect):
@@ -25,13 +25,19 @@
 //		}
 //	}
 //
-// A correct code is SINGLE-USE on the payments gate: the gate passes
-// consume=true, so the stored pending-code digest and its expiry are NULLed in
-// the same critical section as the successful check. One code therefore
-// authorizes exactly one saved-card charge, never unlimited charges for its
-// 10-minute lifetime. The interactive setup/disable flows pass consume=false —
-// they clear the pending fields themselves on success (enableTwoFA /
-// disableTwoFA), so the code must stay valid through their whole handshake.
+// The payments saved-card charge gate verifies WITH consume=false (MEDIUM-2):
+// the code is checked at gate time but only NULLed when the charge reaches a
+// TERMINAL SUCCESS state (the handlers call twofa.ConsumePendingCode inside the
+// transaction that records the completed charge). A failed/ambiguous Square
+// charge therefore does NOT burn the code — the same-key retry re-verifies the
+// SAME operator-relayed code instead of hitting a 400 "expired". Consumption is
+// idempotent, so a code still authorizes exactly one completed charge (and
+// remains bounded by its 10-minute lifetime). The interactive setup/disable
+// flows pass consume=false too — they clear the pending fields themselves on
+// success (enableTwoFA / disableTwoFA), so the code must stay valid through
+// their whole handshake. The ONLY remaining consume=true caller is the
+// save-card SAVE gate (handlers/payments), where saving a card is itself a
+// terminal operation with no downstream charge to attach consumption to.
 //
 // The failed-attempt counter is keyed per user and resets ONLY on a successful
 // verify (or after the 10-minute attempt window elapses) — never on a fresh
@@ -278,13 +284,16 @@ const (
 // check. A correct code resets the attempt counter and returns OK. An incorrect
 // code increments the counter and, on the 5th consecutive failure, invalidates
 // the pending code (lockout). A missing or expired pending code returns
-// MissingOrExpired. consume makes a correct code single-use: the stored digest
-// and its expiry are NULLed immediately, so one code cannot authorize a second
-// operation within its lifetime (the payments saved-card gate passes true; the
-// interactive setup/disable flows pass false and clear the pending fields
-// themselves on success). The returned error is non-nil only for DB failures
-// (callers return 500); a lockout's pending-code invalidation failure is logged
-// here and still reported as a lockout.
+// MissingOrExpired. consume makes a correct code single-use IMMEDIATELY: the
+// stored digest and its expiry are NULLed right here, so one code cannot
+// authorize a second operation within its lifetime. The interactive
+// setup/disable flows pass false and clear the pending fields themselves on
+// success. The payments saved-card charge gate now ALSO passes false (MEDIUM-2):
+// it verifies at gate time and defers consumption to the completed-charge
+// transaction via ConsumePendingCode, so a failed Square charge does not burn
+// the code. The returned error is non-nil only for DB failures (callers return
+// 500); a lockout's pending-code invalidation failure is logged here and still
+// reported as a lockout.
 func Check(ctx context.Context, userID string, st *AttemptState, reqCode string, consume bool) (Result, error) {
 	if now := clock.Now(); now.Sub(st.LastActive()) > AttemptWindow {
 		st.Count.Store(0)
@@ -373,6 +382,32 @@ func Check(ctx context.Context, userID string, st *AttemptState, reqCode string,
 	return OK, nil
 }
 
+// ConsumePendingCode NULLs the user's pending 2FA code digest and expiry. The
+// payments saved-card charge gate verifies WITHOUT consuming (MEDIUM-2) and the
+// handlers call this when the charge reaches a TERMINAL SUCCESS state — inside
+// the transaction that records the completed charge when one exists — so the
+// code is consumed atomically with the charge OUTCOME, not the gate. A failed
+// or ambiguous Square charge leaves the code intact and the same-key retry can
+// re-verify the SAME code. Idempotent: consuming an already-NULL pending code
+// is a no-op, so a code still authorizes exactly one completed charge and can
+// never authorize a second after success. Accepts a db.Querier so the write can
+// ride the caller's transaction (pgx.Tx) or the pool proxy.
+func ConsumePendingCode(ctx context.Context, q db.Querier, userID string) error {
+	if userID == "" {
+		return nil
+	}
+	_, err := q.Exec(ctx, `
+		UPDATE users
+		SET two_factor_pending_code_hash = NULL,
+			two_factor_pending_code_expires = NULL
+		WHERE id = $1
+	`, userID)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("2FA consume pending code: %w", err)
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
 // Classifying errors returned by VerifyForUser.
 var (
 	// ErrIncorrect reports a code that does not match the user's pending code.
@@ -390,11 +425,13 @@ var (
 // It returns nil on a correct code, or one of ErrIncorrect / ErrLockedOut /
 // ErrMissingOrExpired (or a DB error, wrapped). This is the entry point for
 // the payments card-access gate (B6/B10): a saved-card charge must present a
-// real, freshly-verified challenge. consume makes a correct code single-use:
-// the pending-code digest and its expiry are NULLed in the same critical
-// section as the successful check (see Check), so one code authorizes exactly
-// one gate pass. The interactive setup/disable flows pass false — they clear
-// the pending fields themselves on success (enableTwoFA / disableTwoFA).
+// real, freshly-verified challenge. consume makes a correct code single-use
+// IMMEDIATELY (the pending-code digest and expiry are NULLed in the same
+// critical section as the successful check — see Check). The payments SAVED-
+// CARD CHARGE gate passes false and consumes later via ConsumePendingCode
+// (MEDIUM-2) so a failed charge does not burn the code; the save-card SAVE
+// gate and the interactive setup/disable flows pass false and clear the
+// pending fields themselves on success (enableTwoFA / disableTwoFA).
 func VerifyForUser(ctx context.Context, userID, code string, consume bool) error {
 	st := StateFor(userID)
 	st.Mu.Lock()
diff --git a/backend/internal/twofa/twofa_test.go b/backend/internal/twofa/twofa_test.go
index 47098f8..61c9c03 100644
--- a/backend/internal/twofa/twofa_test.go
+++ b/backend/internal/twofa/twofa_test.go
@@ -75,6 +75,31 @@ func TestVerifyForUser_LockoutAndMissing(t *testing.T) {
 	require.ErrorIs(t, VerifyForUser(ctx, userID2, "123456", true), ErrMissingOrExpired)
 }
 
+// TestConsumePendingCode pins the MEDIUM-2 contract: ConsumePendingCode NULLs
+// the stored pending-code digest and expiry (idempotently), and is the ONLY
+// place a verified-but-unconsumed code dies on the saved-card charge path.
+func TestConsumePendingCode(t *testing.T) {
+	ctx, tx := testutils.SetupTestTx(t)
+	userID, err := fixtures.CreateTestUser(tx)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	seedPending(t, ctx, tx, userID, "123456")
+
+	// A code verified WITHOUT consuming stays valid (the saved-card charge gate
+	// path, MEDIUM-2) — re-verification must keep working until consumption.
+	require.NoError(t, VerifyForUser(ctx, userID, "123456", false), "verify-without-consume must pass")
+	require.NoError(t, VerifyForUser(ctx, userID, "123456", false), "an unconsumed code must still verify on a same-key retry")
+
+	require.NoError(t, ConsumePendingCode(ctx, tx, userID), "explicit consumption at charge success must succeed")
+	require.ErrorIs(t, VerifyForUser(ctx, userID, "123456", false), ErrMissingOrExpired, "a consumed code must no longer verify")
+
+	// Consumption is idempotent — a second call (e.g. a retried completed
+	// charge) is a no-op, never an error.
+	require.NoError(t, ConsumePendingCode(ctx, tx, userID), "consuming an already-consumed code must be a no-op")
+
+	// An unknown user is a no-op too.
+	require.NoError(t, ConsumePendingCode(ctx, tx, "000000000000"))
+}
+
 // TestVerifyForUser_AttemptStateMapPersists exercises the shared per-user
 // attempt map directly (the state the payments gate shares with the interactive
 // endpoints): the map is bounded and a locked-out record is never evicted.
diff --git a/backend/main.go b/backend/main.go
index 2e25732..43ee2c0 100644
--- a/backend/main.go
+++ b/backend/main.go
@@ -701,10 +701,18 @@ func main() {
 
 		r.With(mw.RequireAuth, mw.RequireVerified, limitBody(uploadBodyLimit)).Post("/user/profile-picture", user.UploadProfilePictureHandler)
 
-		// Admin-only (no rate limit - trusted users with authenticated sessions)
+		// Admin-only. The group now carries a per-IP limiter (300/min) to bound
+		// the per-request DB amplification of the auth path (VerifyToken runs a
+		// JTI-revocation query + a family-alive query per request — MEDIUM-1):
+		// an unthrottled admin surface lets a single compromised admin session
+		// hammer the DB. 300/min is far above any legitimate admin UI usage and
+		// keys per-IP (RateLimitByUser would be a no-op — there is exactly one
+		// admin account, so per-user == global). The trusted-session model is
+		// unchanged; this only bounds amplification.
 		r.Group(func(r chi.Router) {
 			r.Use(mw.RequireAuth)
 			r.Use(mw.RequireAdmin)
+			r.Use(mw.RateLimit(300, time.Minute))
 			r.Use(limitBody(defaultBodyLimit))
 
 			r.Route("/admin/services", func(r chi.Router) {
diff --git a/frontend/src/lib/utils/uuid.ts b/frontend/src/lib/utils/uuid.ts
index eba1b46..1093370 100644
--- a/frontend/src/lib/utils/uuid.ts
+++ b/frontend/src/lib/utils/uuid.ts
@@ -1,27 +1,17 @@
 /**
- * Generate a UUID v4 string.
+ * Generate a UUID v4 string using `crypto.randomUUID()`.
  *
- * Uses `window.crypto.getRandomValues()` when available (secure context),
- * falls back to `Math.random()` for non-secure contexts (e.g. plain HTTP).
- *
- * Safe for all environments — does NOT rely on `crypto.randomUUID()`
- * which requires a secure context (HTTPS).
+ * The app is HTTPS-only (secure context), so `crypto.randomUUID()` is always
+ * available in the browser and in Node 19+ (vitest/dev server). Idempotency
+ * keys derived here gate Square dedup — they must be unpredictable, so this
+ * HARD-FAILS (throws) rather than silently falling back to `Math.random()` in
+ * a non-secure context (LOW-5). No fallback is ever used.
  */
 export function generateUUID(): string {
-	const array = new Uint8Array(16);
-	if (typeof window !== 'undefined' && window.crypto?.getRandomValues) {
-		window.crypto.getRandomValues(array);
-	} else {
-		for (let i = 0; i < 16; i++) array[i] = Math.floor(Math.random() * 256);
+	if (typeof globalThis.crypto?.randomUUID !== 'function') {
+		throw new Error(
+			'generateUUID requires crypto.randomUUID() (secure context). The app is HTTPS-only; refusing to fall back to Math.random().'
+		);
 	}
-	// UUID v4 marker and variant
-	array[6] = (array[6] & 0x0f) | 0x40;
-	array[8] = (array[8] & 0x3f) | 0x80;
-	return [...array]
-		.map((b, i) => {
-			const hex = b.toString(16).padStart(2, '0');
-			if (i === 4 || i === 6 || i === 8 || i === 10) return '-' + hex;
-			return hex;
-		})
-		.join('');
+	return globalThis.crypto.randomUUID();
 }
diff --git a/init-scripts/init-script.sql b/init-scripts/init-script.sql
index 42ec698..1ac3532 100644
--- a/init-scripts/init-script.sql
+++ b/init-scripts/init-script.sql
@@ -388,7 +388,15 @@ CREATE TABLE bookings (
     updated_at TIMESTAMPTZ NOT NULL DEFAULT NOW(),
     created_by CHAR(12),
     idempotency_key VARCHAR(64) UNIQUE,
-    out_of_hours BOOLEAN NOT NULL DEFAULT FALSE
+    out_of_hours BOOLEAN NOT NULL DEFAULT FALSE,
+    -- Once-only loyalty-stamp marker (Loop B MEDIUM — stamp farming via refund
+    -- + re-charge): the stamp is awarded at most ONCE per booking, no matter
+    -- how many times the booking is re-completed. A refund never moves the
+    -- booking out of 'in_progress', so a re-payment re-completes it; without
+    -- this marker each in_progress→completed transition would mint another
+    -- stamp with no net merchant cash flow. Set by
+    -- ApplyBookingCompletionSideEffects only when a stamp is actually awarded.
+    loyalty_stamp_awarded_at TIMESTAMPTZ
 );
 
 CREATE INDEX idx_bookings_userid ON bookings(user_id);