diff --git a/backend/mw/ratelimit.go b/backend/mw/ratelimit.go
index a782056..e7b5f02 100644
--- a/backend/mw/ratelimit.go
+++ b/backend/mw/ratelimit.go
@@ -1,5 +1,3 @@
-//go:build !dev
-
 package mw
 
 import (
diff --git a/backend/mw/ratelimit_dev.go b/backend/mw/ratelimit_dev.go
deleted file mode 100644
index 6de24ec..0000000
--- a/backend/mw/ratelimit_dev.go
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,42 +0,0 @@
-//go:build dev
-
-package mw
-
-import (
-	"net/http"
-	"time"
-)
-
-func NewRateLimiter(limit int, window time.Duration) *RateLimiter {
-	rl := &RateLimiter{
-		requests: make(map[string][]time.Time),
-		limit:    limit,
-		window:   window,
-	}
-	registerLimiter(rl)
-	return rl
-}
-
-func (rl *RateLimiter) Allow(key string) bool { return true }
-
-func NewProgressiveRateLimiter() *ProgressiveRateLimiter {
-	return &ProgressiveRateLimiter{
-		requests: make(map[string]*ipProgressiveState),
-	}
-}
-
-func (prl *ProgressiveRateLimiter) Check(ip string) int { return 0 }
-
-func ProgressiveRateLimit(next http.Handler) http.Handler {
-	return http.HandlerFunc(func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
-		next.ServeHTTP(w, r)
-	})
-}
-
-func RateLimit(limit int, window time.Duration) func(http.Handler) http.Handler {
-	return func(next http.Handler) http.Handler {
-		return http.HandlerFunc(func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
-			next.ServeHTTP(w, r)
-		})
-	}
-}
diff --git a/backend/mw/ratelimit_dev_test.go b/backend/mw/ratelimit_dev_test.go
deleted file mode 100644
index 9327efe..0000000
--- a/backend/mw/ratelimit_dev_test.go
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,231 +0,0 @@
-//go:build test && dev
-
-package mw
-
-import (
-	"context"
-	"net/http"
-	"net/http/httptest"
-	"testing"
-	"time"
-
-	"crussell/clock"
-	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
-)
-
-// ============================================================
-// Dev Stub Behavioral Tests
-// ============================================================
-
-// TestDevRateLimiter_AllowAlwaysTrue verifies the dev stub never throttles.
-func TestDevRateLimiter_AllowAlwaysTrue(t *testing.T) {
-	rl := NewRateLimiter(10, time.Minute)
-
-	if !rl.Allow("any-key") {
-		t.Error("expected Allow to return true for dev stub")
-	}
-	if !rl.Allow("another-key") {
-		t.Error("expected Allow to return true for dev stub (different key)")
-	}
-	// Even an empty key should pass
-	if !rl.Allow("") {
-		t.Error("expected Allow to return true for empty key in dev stub")
-	}
-}
-
-// TestDevProgressiveRateLimiter_CheckAlwaysZero verifies the dev stub never delays.
-func TestDevProgressiveRateLimiter_CheckAlwaysZero(t *testing.T) {
-	prl := NewProgressiveRateLimiter()
-
-	for i := 0; i < 200; i++ {
-		delay := prl.Check("10.0.0.1")
-		if delay != 0 {
-			t.Errorf("expected 0 delay for dev stub (request %d), got %d", i+1, delay)
-		}
-	}
-
-	// Different IP also returns 0
-	if delay := prl.Check("10.0.0.2"); delay != 0 {
-		t.Errorf("expected 0 delay for different IP in dev stub, got %d", delay)
-	}
-}
-
-func TestProgressiveRateLimiter_CleanupRemovesStaleEntries(t *testing.T) {
-	prl := NewProgressiveRateLimiter()
-
-	prl.mu.Lock()
-	prl.requests["stale-ip"] = &ipProgressiveState{
-		timestamps: []time.Time{clock.Now().Add(-120 * time.Second)},
-	}
-	prl.mu.Unlock()
-
-	prl.Cleanup()
-
-	prl.mu.RLock()
-	_, exists := prl.requests["stale-ip"]
-	prl.mu.RUnlock()
-	if exists {
-		t.Error("expected stale IP to be cleaned up")
-	}
-}
-
-func TestRateLimiter_Cleanup(t *testing.T) {
-	rl := NewRateLimiter(10, time.Minute)
-
-	rl.mu.Lock()
-	rl.requests["stale-key"] = []time.Time{clock.Now().Add(-5 * time.Minute)}
-	rl.requests["fresh-key"] = []time.Time{clock.Now()}
-	rl.mu.Unlock()
-
-	rl.Cleanup()
-
-	rl.mu.RLock()
-	_, staleExists := rl.requests["stale-key"]
-	_, freshExists := rl.requests["fresh-key"]
-	rl.mu.RUnlock()
-
-	if staleExists {
-		t.Error("expected stale-key to be removed")
-	}
-	if !freshExists {
-		t.Error("expected fresh-key to be preserved")
-	}
-}
-
-func TestRateLimiter_Cleanup_EmptyMap(t *testing.T) {
-	rl := NewRateLimiter(10, time.Minute)
-
-	rl.mu.Lock()
-	rl.requests = make(map[string][]time.Time)
-	rl.mu.Unlock()
-
-	rl.Cleanup()
-
-	rl.mu.RLock()
-	count := len(rl.requests)
-	rl.mu.RUnlock()
-	if count != 0 {
-		t.Errorf("expected empty map, got %d entries", count)
-	}
-}
-
-func TestCleanupAllRateLimiters(t *testing.T) {
-	registeredLimitersMu.Lock()
-	saved := registeredLimiters
-	registeredLimitersMu.Unlock()
-	defer func() {
-		registeredLimitersMu.Lock()
-		registeredLimiters = saved
-		registeredLimitersMu.Unlock()
-	}()
-
-	rl1 := NewRateLimiter(10, time.Minute)
-	rl2 := NewRateLimiter(20, time.Minute)
-
-	rl1.mu.Lock()
-	rl1.requests["rl1-stale"] = []time.Time{clock.Now().Add(-5 * time.Minute)}
-	rl1.mu.Unlock()
-
-	rl2.mu.Lock()
-	rl2.requests["rl2-stale"] = []time.Time{clock.Now().Add(-5 * time.Minute)}
-	rl2.mu.Unlock()
-
-	_, err := CleanupAllRateLimiters(context.Background())
-	if err != nil {
-		t.Errorf("expected nil error, got %v", err)
-	}
-
-	rl1.mu.RLock()
-	_, rl1Stale := rl1.requests["rl1-stale"]
-	rl1.mu.RUnlock()
-
-	rl2.mu.RLock()
-	_, rl2Stale := rl2.requests["rl2-stale"]
-	rl2.mu.RUnlock()
-
-	if rl1Stale {
-		t.Error("expected rl1-stale to be removed")
-	}
-	if rl2Stale {
-		t.Error("expected rl2-stale to be removed")
-	}
-}
-
-func TestCleanupAllRateLimiters_Empty(t *testing.T) {
-	registeredLimitersMu.Lock()
-	saved := registeredLimiters
-	registeredLimiters = nil
-	registeredLimitersMu.Unlock()
-	defer func() {
-		registeredLimitersMu.Lock()
-		registeredLimiters = saved
-		registeredLimitersMu.Unlock()
-	}()
-
-	_, err := CleanupAllRateLimiters(context.Background())
-	if err != nil {
-		t.Errorf("expected nil error, got %v", err)
-	}
-}
-
-func TestCleanupProgressiveRateLimiter(t *testing.T) {
-	globalProgressiveLimiter.mu.Lock()
-	saved := globalProgressiveLimiter.requests
-	globalProgressiveLimiter.requests = map[string]*ipProgressiveState{
-		"global-stale": {timestamps: []time.Time{clock.Now().Add(-120 * time.Second)}},
-	}
-	globalProgressiveLimiter.mu.Unlock()
-	defer func() {
-		globalProgressiveLimiter.mu.Lock()
-		globalProgressiveLimiter.requests = saved
-		globalProgressiveLimiter.mu.Unlock()
-	}()
-
-	_, err := CleanupProgressiveRateLimiter(context.Background())
-	if err != nil {
-		t.Errorf("expected nil error, got %v", err)
-	}
-
-	globalProgressiveLimiter.mu.RLock()
-	_, exists := globalProgressiveLimiter.requests["global-stale"]
-	globalProgressiveLimiter.mu.RUnlock()
-	if exists {
-		t.Error("expected global-stale to be removed")
-	}
-}
-
-// ============================================================
-// Dev Stub Middleware Pass-Through Tests
-// ============================================================
-
-// TestProgressiveRateLimit_PassThrough verifies the dev stub middleware
-// passes through to the next handler without rate limiting.
-func TestProgressiveRateLimit_PassThrough(t *testing.T) {
-	handler := ProgressiveRateLimit(http.HandlerFunc(func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
-		w.WriteHeader(http.StatusOK)
-		w.Write([]byte("ok"))
-	}))
-
-	req := httptest.NewRequest("GET", "/", nil)
-	w := httptest.NewRecorder()
-	handler.ServeHTTP(w, req)
-
-	assert.Equal(t, http.StatusOK, w.Code)
-	assert.Equal(t, "ok", w.Body.String())
-}
-
-// TestRateLimit_PassThrough verifies the dev stub middleware
-// passes through to the next handler without rate limiting.
-func TestRateLimit_PassThrough(t *testing.T) {
-	handler := RateLimit(10, time.Minute)(http.HandlerFunc(func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
-		w.WriteHeader(http.StatusOK)
-		w.Write([]byte("ok"))
-	}))
-
-	req := httptest.NewRequest("GET", "/", nil)
-	w := httptest.NewRecorder()
-	handler.ServeHTTP(w, req)
-
-	assert.Equal(t, http.StatusOK, w.Code)
-	assert.Equal(t, "ok", w.Body.String())
-}
diff --git a/backend/mw/ratelimit_prod_test.go b/backend/mw/ratelimit_prod_test.go
index f87f949..a9c480b 100644
--- a/backend/mw/ratelimit_prod_test.go
+++ b/backend/mw/ratelimit_prod_test.go
@@ -1,5 +1,3 @@
-//go:build test && !dev
-
 package mw
 
 import (
diff --git a/backend/mw/ratelimit_test.go b/backend/mw/ratelimit_test.go
index e5df86c..77cae5b 100644
--- a/backend/mw/ratelimit_test.go
+++ b/backend/mw/ratelimit_test.go
@@ -1,5 +1,3 @@
-//go:build test && !dev
-
 package mw
 
 import (