From 90a6196443022e14c88c6275d0775d2b7dbf10ed Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: popertots <popertots@gmail.com>
Date: Sat, 21 Mar 2026 01:36:38 +0000
Subject: [PATCH] feat: soft entity collision, dead code removal, leaf
 standability fix
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit

- Add TileOccupancy resource and rebuild_tile_occupancy system to track
  per-tile entity counts for soft collision avoidance
- Add collision_delay to Ambulatory; entities try relative-left step on
  occupied tiles, wait 1 tick, then push through
- Fix leaf canopy standability: leaves are now can_stand_in=true,
  can_stand_on=false (walkable, not standable-on)
- Delete FloorTilePrefab / FixtureTilePrefab / FloorTile / FixtureTile /
  TileState (all fully dead — TileMap + ChunkData are sole truth)
- Delete tile_spawns from TerrainBlob (populated but never consumed)
- Delete leaf ghost entity spawn in forestry (orphaned invisible ECS entity)
- Replace log prefab spawn with inline commands.spawn(Transform, Visibility)
- Add TileMap::remove_fixture for future digging/explosion use
- Skip collision avoidance when current tile has >2 entities (handles spawn
  cluster deadlock)
---
 Cargo.lock                                   |    1 +
 Cargo.toml                                   |    1 +
 assets/tileset.png                           |  Bin 3610 -> 3604 bytes
 config.toml                                  |    2 +-
 entity_dump_9.52.csv                         |   61 +
 full.patch                                   | 1423 ++++++++++++++++++
 src/constants.rs                             |    9 +-
 src/debug/entity_dump.rs                     |   74 +
 src/debug/mod.rs                             |    1 +
 src/entities/livestock/pig.rs                |    1 +
 src/entities/livestock/rabbit.rs             |    1 +
 src/entities/sentient/dorf.rs                |    1 +
 src/entities/shared_components/ambulatory.rs |    2 +
 src/entities/shared_systems/mod.rs           |    1 +
 src/entities/shared_systems/occupancy.rs     |   33 +
 src/entities/shared_systems/pathfinding.rs   |  527 +++----
 src/main.rs                                  |    2 +
 src/world/generation/forestry.rs             |   14 +-
 src/world/generation/terrain.rs              |   11 +-
 src/world/mod.rs                             |   11 +-
 src/world/tiles/benchmark.rs                 |    8 +-
 src/world/tiles/mod.rs                       |    4 -
 src/world/tiles/prefabs.rs                   |  199 +--
 src/world/tiles/tilemap.rs                   |   18 +
 src/world/tiles/tilemap_chunk.rs             |    2 +-
 25 files changed, 1909 insertions(+), 498 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 entity_dump_9.52.csv
 create mode 100644 full.patch
 create mode 100644 src/debug/entity_dump.rs
 create mode 100644 src/debug/mod.rs
 create mode 100644 src/entities/shared_systems/occupancy.rs

diff --git a/Cargo.lock b/Cargo.lock
index fb9dc22..a8e57fe 100644
--- a/Cargo.lock
+++ b/Cargo.lock
@@ -2432,6 +2432,7 @@ name = "dorf"
 version = "0.1.0"
 dependencies = [
  "ahash",
+ "arrayvec",
  "bevy",
  "bevy_platform",
  "bevy_rand",
diff --git a/Cargo.toml b/Cargo.toml
index 1f33281..19ee719 100644
--- a/Cargo.toml
+++ b/Cargo.toml
@@ -17,6 +17,7 @@ rustc-hash = "2.1.1"
 ahash = "0.8.12"
 nohash-hasher = "0.2.0"
 futures-lite = "2.6.1"
+arrayvec = "0.7.6"
 
 [build-dependencies]
 image = "0.25.10"
diff --git a/assets/tileset.png b/assets/tileset.png
index 6130ddc57d3bfc63964fdbf2f3e8c3ecb39d36d8..36274f67bf4b82ef93693629620a6f4b46a970ac 100644
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diff --git a/config.toml b/config.toml
index 419b4cd..0acfd90 100644
--- a/config.toml
+++ b/config.toml
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-initial_chunk_radius = 15
+initial_chunk_radius = 8
 
 [display]
 vsync = "mailbox"
diff --git a/entity_dump_9.52.csv b/entity_dump_9.52.csv
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a028003
--- /dev/null
+++ b/entity_dump_9.52.csv
@@ -0,0 +1,61 @@
+timestamp,entity_id,x,y,z,has_path,path_index,path_len,target_x,target_y,target_z
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+9.523,14573,-0.0,0.0,0.0,true,0,61,960.0,336.0,1.0
+9.523,14595,-16.0,32.0,0.0,true,0,54,288.0,-816.0,17.0
+9.523,14575,0.0,-0.0,0.0,true,0,31,336.0,464.0,17.0
+9.523,14576,0.0,0.0,0.0,true,0,63,992.0,-64.0,1.0
+9.523,14577,-0.0,-0.0,0.0,true,0,47,-736.0,-112.0,17.0
+9.523,14578,-0.0,-0.0,0.0,true,0,58,368.0,896.0,33.0
+9.523,14579,0.0,0.0,0.0,true,0,40,-464.0,512.0,-15.0
+9.523,14580,-0.0,-0.0,0.0,true,0,42,-288.0,-656.0,65.0
+9.523,14581,0.0,-0.0,0.0,true,0,47,128.0,736.0,17.0
+9.523,14582,0.0,0.0,0.0,true,0,47,736.0,-400.0,49.0
+9.523,14583,-0.0,0.0,0.0,true,0,45,-368.0,-704.0,65.0
+9.523,14594,0.0,0.0,0.0,true,0,40,-464.0,512.0,-15.0
+9.523,14585,0.0,0.0,0.0,true,0,56,-880.0,336.0,-15.0
+9.523,14586,0.0,-0.0,0.0,true,0,64,784.0,992.0,17.0
+9.523,14587,0.0,0.0,0.0,true,0,64,896.0,-512.0,49.0
+9.523,14588,0.0,-0.0,0.0,true,0,30,-464.0,288.0,-31.0
+9.523,14592,0.0,0.0,0.0,true,0,50,48.0,-784.0,33.0
+9.523,14590,0.0,0.0,0.0,true,0,44,688.0,-224.0,49.0
+9.523,14591,-0.0,-0.0,0.0,true,0,46,-720.0,448.0,-31.0
+9.523,14545,0.0,-0.0,0.0,true,0,20,80.0,-304.0,33.0
+9.523,14546,0.0,0.0,0.0,true,0,5,368.0,576.0,17.0
+9.523,14556,0.0,0.0,0.0,true,0,9,640.0,576.0,17.0
+9.523,14567,0.0,-0.0,0.0,true,0,13,-528.0,-96.0,17.0
+9.523,14574,0.0,0.0,0.0,true,0,13,-640.0,64.0,1.0
+9.523,14584,0.0,0.0,0.0,true,0,13,-864.0,0.0,1.0
+9.523,14589,-0.0,-0.0,0.0,true,0,19,-112.0,-288.0,33.0
+9.523,14593,-0.0,-0.0,0.0,true,0,10,528.0,-32.0,17.0
diff --git a/full.patch b/full.patch
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ef294dd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/full.patch
@@ -0,0 +1,1423 @@
+diff --git a/Cargo.lock b/Cargo.lock
+index fb9dc22..a8e57fe 100644
+--- a/Cargo.lock
++++ b/Cargo.lock
+@@ -2432,6 +2432,7 @@ name = "dorf"
+ version = "0.1.0"
+ dependencies = [
+  "ahash",
++ "arrayvec",
+  "bevy",
+  "bevy_platform",
+  "bevy_rand",
+diff --git a/Cargo.toml b/Cargo.toml
+index 1f33281..19ee719 100644
+--- a/Cargo.toml
++++ b/Cargo.toml
+@@ -17,6 +17,7 @@ rustc-hash = "2.1.1"
+ ahash = "0.8.12"
+ nohash-hasher = "0.2.0"
+ futures-lite = "2.6.1"
++arrayvec = "0.7.6"
+ 
+ [build-dependencies]
+ image = "0.25.10"
+diff --git a/assets/tileset.png b/assets/tileset.png
+index 6130ddc..36274f6 100644
+Binary files a/assets/tileset.png and b/assets/tileset.png differ
+diff --git a/config.toml b/config.toml
+index 419b4cd..da69d4f 100644
+--- a/config.toml
++++ b/config.toml
+@@ -1,9 +1,9 @@
+-initial_chunk_radius = 15
++initial_chunk_radius = 8
+ 
+ [display]
+ vsync = "mailbox"
+ 
+ [spawn_counts]
+-dorfs = 5
++dorfs = 50
+ pigs = 5
+ rabbits = 5
+\ No newline at end of file
+diff --git a/full.patch b/full.patch
+new file mode 100644
+index 0000000..e69de29
+diff --git a/src/constants.rs b/src/constants.rs
+index 5025d11..83a29b1 100644
+--- a/src/constants.rs
++++ b/src/constants.rs
+@@ -5,16 +5,11 @@ pub const ITILE_SIZE: i32 = TILE_SIZE as i32;
+ pub const SEED: u32 = 420;
+ 
+ pub const PATHFINDER_SHORT_PATH_MAX_TILES: i32 = 64;
+-pub const PATHFINDER_MAX_NODES: usize = 5000;
+-pub const PATHFINDER_WAYPOINT_THRESHOLD_TILES: i32 = 100;
+-pub const PATHFINDER_PROVISIONAL_NODE_LIMIT: usize = 64;
++pub const PATHFINDER_MAX_NODES: usize = 15000;
++pub const PATHFINDER_PROVISIONAL_NODE_LIMIT: usize = 256;
+ 
+ // Hierarchical pathfinding thresholds
+ // Tier 1: Same/adjacent chunk -> sync A* (fast, ~87µs)
+ // Tier 2: 2-4 chunks away -> Provisional + full path via queue
+ // Tier 3: >4 chunks away -> Hierarchical chunk-path + async segmented A*
+ pub const PATHFINDER_HIERARCHICAL_THRESHOLD_CHUNKS: i32 = 4;
+-pub const PATHFINDER_ASYNC_NODE_BUDGET_PER_FRAME: usize = 2000;
+-
+-// Snapshot bounds for async pathfinding (in chunks)
+-pub const PATHFINDER_SNAPSHOT_CHUNK_RADIUS: i32 = 2;
+diff --git a/src/debug/entity_dump.rs b/src/debug/entity_dump.rs
+new file mode 100644
+index 0000000..b79403a
+--- /dev/null
++++ b/src/debug/entity_dump.rs
+@@ -0,0 +1,74 @@
++use bevy::prelude::*;
++use std::fs::OpenOptions;
++use std::io::Write;
++
++use crate::entities::shared_components::Ambulatory;
++
++pub fn dump_entity_positions(
++    keys: Res<ButtonInput<KeyCode>>,
++    time: Res<Time>,
++    query: Query<(Entity, &Transform, Option<&Ambulatory>), With<Ambulatory>>,
++) {
++    if !keys.just_pressed(KeyCode::Space) {
++        return;
++    }
++
++    let timestamp = time.elapsed_secs();
++    let filename = format!("entity_dump_{:.2}.csv", timestamp);
++
++    let mut file = match OpenOptions::new()
++        .create(true)
++        .write(true)
++        .truncate(true)
++        .open(&filename)
++    {
++        Ok(f) => f,
++        Err(e) => {
++            eprintln!("Failed to create dump file: {}", e);
++            return;
++        }
++    };
++
++    writeln!(
++        file,
++        "timestamp,entity_id,x,y,z,has_path,path_index,path_len,target_x,target_y,target_z"
++    )
++    .ok();
++
++    let mut count = 0;
++    for (entity, transform, ambulatory) in query.iter() {
++        let pos = transform.translation;
++        let (has_path, path_index, path_len, tx, ty, tz) = match ambulatory {
++            Some(a) => {
++                let path_len = a.current_path.as_ref().map(|p| p.len()).unwrap_or(0);
++                let has_path = path_len > 0;
++                let (tx, ty, tz) = match a.target {
++                    Some(t) => (t.x, t.y, t.z),
++                    None => (0.0, 0.0, 0.0),
++                };
++                (has_path, a.path_index, path_len, tx, ty, tz)
++            }
++            None => (false, 0, 0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0),
++        };
++
++        writeln!(
++            file,
++            "{:.3},{},{:.1},{:.1},{:.1},{},{},{},{:.1},{:.1},{:.1}",
++            timestamp,
++            entity.index(),
++            pos.x,
++            pos.y,
++            pos.z,
++            has_path,
++            path_index,
++            path_len,
++            tx,
++            ty,
++            tz,
++        )
++        .ok();
++        count += 1;
++    }
++
++    println!("[DUMP] {} entities written to {}", count, filename);
++}
+diff --git a/src/debug/mod.rs b/src/debug/mod.rs
+new file mode 100644
+index 0000000..e875351
+--- /dev/null
++++ b/src/debug/mod.rs
+@@ -0,0 +1 @@
++pub mod entity_dump;
+diff --git a/src/entities/livestock/pig.rs b/src/entities/livestock/pig.rs
+index d5304ab..714a975 100644
+--- a/src/entities/livestock/pig.rs
++++ b/src/entities/livestock/pig.rs
+@@ -30,6 +30,7 @@ impl Pig {
+                 path_index: 0,
+                 step_recovery: 0,
+                 validation_cooldown: 0,
++                collision_delay: 0,
+             },
+             sprite: Sprite {
+                 image: asset_server.load("pig.png"),
+diff --git a/src/entities/livestock/rabbit.rs b/src/entities/livestock/rabbit.rs
+index e044043..9e8326a 100644
+--- a/src/entities/livestock/rabbit.rs
++++ b/src/entities/livestock/rabbit.rs
+@@ -27,6 +27,7 @@ impl Rabbit {
+                 path_index: 0,
+                 step_recovery: 0,
+                 validation_cooldown: 0,
++                collision_delay: 0,
+             },
+             sprite: Sprite {
+                 image: asset_server.load("rabbit.png"),
+diff --git a/src/entities/sentient/dorf.rs b/src/entities/sentient/dorf.rs
+index 02210c0..96a66fe 100644
+--- a/src/entities/sentient/dorf.rs
++++ b/src/entities/sentient/dorf.rs
+@@ -27,6 +27,7 @@ impl Dorf {
+                 path_index: 0,
+                 step_recovery: 0,
+                 validation_cooldown: 0,
++                collision_delay: 0,
+             },
+             sprite: Sprite {
+                 image: asset_server.load("dorf.png"),
+diff --git a/src/entities/shared_components/ambulatory.rs b/src/entities/shared_components/ambulatory.rs
+index e2f4b8d..a969ed4 100644
+--- a/src/entities/shared_components/ambulatory.rs
++++ b/src/entities/shared_components/ambulatory.rs
+@@ -10,6 +10,7 @@ pub struct Ambulatory {
+     pub target: Option<Vec3>,
+     pub step_recovery: u32,
+     pub validation_cooldown: u8,
++    pub collision_delay: u8,
+ }
+ 
+ impl Default for Ambulatory {
+@@ -22,6 +23,7 @@ impl Default for Ambulatory {
+             target: None,
+             step_recovery: 0,
+             validation_cooldown: 0,
++            collision_delay: 0,
+         }
+     }
+ }
+diff --git a/src/entities/shared_systems/mod.rs b/src/entities/shared_systems/mod.rs
+index 1bc27c5..ff161f5 100644
+--- a/src/entities/shared_systems/mod.rs
++++ b/src/entities/shared_systems/mod.rs
+@@ -1 +1,2 @@
++pub mod occupancy;
+ pub mod pathfinding;
+diff --git a/src/entities/shared_systems/occupancy.rs b/src/entities/shared_systems/occupancy.rs
+new file mode 100644
+index 0000000..58e7597
+--- /dev/null
++++ b/src/entities/shared_systems/occupancy.rs
+@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
++use crate::constants::ITILE_SIZE;
++use crate::entities::shared_components::Ambulatory;
++use bevy::prelude::*;
++use rustc_hash::FxHashMap;
++
++#[derive(Resource, Default)]
++pub struct TileOccupancy {
++    pub counts: FxHashMap<(i32, i32), u8>,
++}
++
++impl TileOccupancy {
++    #[inline]
++    pub fn count_at(&self, world_pos: Vec3) -> u8 {
++        let tx = (world_pos.x as i32) / ITILE_SIZE;
++        let ty = (world_pos.y as i32) / ITILE_SIZE;
++        *self.counts.get(&(tx, ty)).unwrap_or(&0)
++    }
++}
++
++pub fn rebuild_tile_occupancy(
++    mut occupancy: ResMut<TileOccupancy>,
++    query: Query<&Transform, With<Ambulatory>>,
++) {
++    occupancy.counts.clear();
++    for transform in query.iter() {
++        let tx = (transform.translation.x as i32) / ITILE_SIZE;
++        let ty = (transform.translation.y as i32) / ITILE_SIZE;
++        let count = occupancy.counts.entry((tx, ty)).or_insert(0);
++        if *count < 255 {
++            *count += 1;
++        }
++    }
++}
+diff --git a/src/entities/shared_systems/pathfinding.rs b/src/entities/shared_systems/pathfinding.rs
+index 92e5288..ee0a616 100644
+--- a/src/entities/shared_systems/pathfinding.rs
++++ b/src/entities/shared_systems/pathfinding.rs
+@@ -61,8 +61,9 @@ use std::{cell::RefCell, collections::BinaryHeap, collections::VecDeque, time::I
+ 
+ use crate::constants::{
+     ITILE_SIZE, PATHFINDER_HIERARCHICAL_THRESHOLD_CHUNKS, PATHFINDER_MAX_NODES,
+-    PATHFINDER_PROVISIONAL_NODE_LIMIT, TILE_SIZE,
++    PATHFINDER_PROVISIONAL_NODE_LIMIT, PIXEL_RATIO, TILE_SIZE,
+ };
++use crate::entities::shared_systems::occupancy::{rebuild_tile_occupancy, TileOccupancy};
+ use crate::world::tiles::TileMap;
+ use crate::world::{
+     chunks::CHUNK_SIZE,
+@@ -215,9 +216,16 @@ impl Plugin for PathfindingPlugin {
+             .insert_resource(crate::entities::shared_components::CompletedPaths::default())
+             .insert_resource(crate::entities::shared_components::PathRequestCounter::default())
+             .insert_resource(PathRequestQueue::default())
++            .init_resource::<TileOccupancy>()
+             .add_systems(
+                 FixedUpdate,
+-                (prepare_paths, update_wandering_targets, movement).chain(),
++                (
++                    rebuild_tile_occupancy,
++                    prepare_paths,
++                    update_wandering_targets,
++                    movement,
++                )
++                    .chain(),
+             )
+             .add_systems(
+                 PostUpdate,
+@@ -266,10 +274,11 @@ pub fn prepare_paths(
+             ambulatory.path_index = 0;
+         } else if chunk_distance > PATHFINDER_HIERARCHICAL_THRESHOLD_CHUNKS {
+             let chunk_path = calculate_chunk_path(&chunk_map, start_chunk, goal_chunk);
++            let provisional_goal = goal;
+             let provisional = calculate_provisional_path(
+                 &tilemap,
+                 start,
+-                goal,
++                provisional_goal,
+                 PATHFINDER_PROVISIONAL_NODE_LIMIT,
+             );
+             if !provisional.is_empty() {
+@@ -296,8 +305,14 @@ pub fn prepare_paths(
+                     });
+             } else {
+                 let path = calculate_path_benchmarked(&tilemap, start, goal);
+-                ambulatory.current_path = Some(path);
+-                ambulatory.path_index = 0;
++                if path.len() <= 1 {
++                    // Path failed — clear target so entity picks a new reachable one
++                    ambulatory.target = None;
++                    ambulatory.current_path = None;
++                } else {
++                    ambulatory.current_path = Some(path);
++                    ambulatory.path_index = 0;
++                }
+             }
+         } else {
+             let provisional = calculate_provisional_path(
+@@ -326,8 +341,14 @@ pub fn prepare_paths(
+                     });
+             } else {
+                 let path = calculate_path_benchmarked(&tilemap, start, goal);
+-                ambulatory.current_path = Some(path);
+-                ambulatory.path_index = 0;
++                if path.len() <= 1 {
++                    // Path failed — clear target so entity picks a new reachable one
++                    ambulatory.target = None;
++                    ambulatory.current_path = None;
++                } else {
++                    ambulatory.current_path = Some(path);
++                    ambulatory.path_index = 0;
++                }
+             }
+         }
+     }
+@@ -337,17 +358,12 @@ pub fn process_path_queue(
+     mut commands: Commands,
+     mut queue: ResMut<PathRequestQueue>,
+     tilemap: Res<TileMap>,
+-    _chunk_map: Res<ChunkMap>,
+-    mut rng_q: Query<&mut WyRand, With<GlobalRng>>,
++    chunk_map: Res<ChunkMap>,
+     mut query: Query<
+         (Entity, &mut Ambulatory, &Transform),
+         With<crate::entities::shared_components::PendingPath>,
+     >,
+ ) {
+-    let Ok(mut rng) = rng_q.single_mut() else {
+-        return;
+-    };
+-
+     let mut processed = 0;
+     while processed < MAX_PATHS_PER_FRAME {
+         if let Some(request) = queue.pending.pop_front() {
+@@ -360,18 +376,27 @@ pub fn process_path_queue(
+                     let current_chunk = world_to_chunk(actual_start);
+                     if let Some(next_chunk) = chunk_waypoints.iter().find(|&&c| c != current_chunk)
+                     {
+-                        let waypoint = directional_chunk_waypoint(
++                        match directional_chunk_waypoint(
+                             actual_start,
+                             *next_chunk,
+                             request.goal,
+                             &tilemap,
+-                            &mut rng,
+-                        );
+-                        let segment_path =
+-                            calculate_path_benchmarked(&tilemap, actual_start, waypoint);
+-                        if !segment_path.is_empty() {
+-                            ambulatory.current_path = Some(segment_path);
+-                            ambulatory.path_index = 0;
++                            &chunk_map,
++                        ) {
++                            None => {
++                                // Chunk unloaded or no standable tiles — abandon this path,
++                                // entity will retarget via prepare_paths next frame
++                                ambulatory.current_path = None;
++                                ambulatory.target = None;
++                            }
++                            Some(waypoint) => {
++                                let segment_path =
++                                    calculate_path_benchmarked(&tilemap, actual_start, waypoint);
++                                if !segment_path.is_empty() {
++                                    ambulatory.current_path = Some(segment_path);
++                                    ambulatory.path_index = 0;
++                                }
++                            }
+                         }
+                     }
+                 } else {
+@@ -447,37 +472,75 @@ pub fn update_wandering_targets(
+         return;
+     };
+ 
+-    for (mut ambulatory, _) in query.iter_mut() {
+-        if ambulatory.target.is_none()
+-            || (ambulatory.current_path.is_some()
+-                && ambulatory.path_index >= ambulatory.current_path.as_ref().unwrap().len())
+-        {
+-            let loaded_chunks: Vec<&IVec2> = chunk_map.loaded_chunks.keys().collect();
+-            if !loaded_chunks.is_empty() {
+-                let random_index = rng.random_range(0..loaded_chunks.len());
+-                if let Some(&chunk_pos) = loaded_chunks.get(random_index) {
+-                    let chunk_x = chunk_pos.x * CHUNK_SIZE;
+-                    let chunk_y = chunk_pos.y * CHUNK_SIZE;
+-
+-                    let target_x = chunk_x + rng.random_range(0..CHUNK_SIZE);
+-                    let target_y = chunk_y + rng.random_range(0..CHUNK_SIZE);
+-
+-                    for z in -3..=4 {
+-                        let mut target_pos = IVec3::new(target_x, target_y, z) * ITILE_SIZE;
+-                        if tilemap.floor_tiles.get(&target_pos).is_some() {
+-                            target_pos.z += ITILE_SIZE;
+-                            if tilemap.floor_tiles.get(&target_pos).is_some()
+-                                && is_standable_tile(&tilemap, target_pos)
+-                            {
+-                                ambulatory.target = Some(Vec3::new(
+-                                    target_pos.x as f32,
+-                                    target_pos.y as f32,
+-                                    target_pos.z as f32 + 1.0,
+-                                ));
+-                                ambulatory.current_path = None;
+-                                ambulatory.path_index = 0;
+-                                break;
+-                            }
++    for (mut ambulatory, transform) in query.iter_mut() {
++        if ambulatory.target.is_none() {
++            // Only target interior chunks — exclude boundary chunks that
++            // have unloaded neighbours, which strand entities at world edges.
++            let current_chunk = world_to_chunk(transform.translation.as_ivec3());
++
++            // Reservoir sampling - pick one interior chunk with zero allocation
++            let mut chosen: Option<IVec2> = None;
++            let mut count = 0usize;
++            for &chunk in chunk_map.loaded_chunks.keys() {
++                let dx = (chunk.x - current_chunk.x).abs();
++                let dy = (chunk.y - current_chunk.y).abs();
++                if dx <= 2 && dy <= 2 {
++                    continue;
++                }
++                if !chunk_map
++                    .loaded_chunks
++                    .contains_key(&IVec2::new(chunk.x + 1, chunk.y))
++                {
++                    continue;
++                }
++                if !chunk_map
++                    .loaded_chunks
++                    .contains_key(&IVec2::new(chunk.x - 1, chunk.y))
++                {
++                    continue;
++                }
++                if !chunk_map
++                    .loaded_chunks
++                    .contains_key(&IVec2::new(chunk.x, chunk.y + 1))
++                {
++                    continue;
++                }
++                if !chunk_map
++                    .loaded_chunks
++                    .contains_key(&IVec2::new(chunk.x, chunk.y - 1))
++                {
++                    continue;
++                }
++                count += 1;
++                if rng.random_range(0..count) == 0 {
++                    chosen = Some(chunk);
++                }
++            }
++
++            // Fallback to any chunk if no interior chunks found (small map / startup)
++            let target_chunk = chosen.or_else(|| chunk_map.loaded_chunks.keys().next().copied());
++
++            if let Some(chunk_pos) = target_chunk {
++                let chunk_x = chunk_pos.x * CHUNK_SIZE;
++                let chunk_y = chunk_pos.y * CHUNK_SIZE;
++                let target_x = chunk_x + rng.random_range(0..CHUNK_SIZE);
++                let target_y = chunk_y + rng.random_range(0..CHUNK_SIZE);
++
++                for z in -3..=4 {
++                    let mut target_pos = IVec3::new(target_x, target_y, z) * ITILE_SIZE;
++                    if tilemap.floor_tiles.get(&target_pos).is_some() {
++                        target_pos.z += ITILE_SIZE;
++                        if tilemap.floor_tiles.get(&target_pos).is_some()
++                            && is_standable_tile(&tilemap, target_pos)
++                        {
++                            ambulatory.target = Some(Vec3::new(
++                                target_pos.x as f32,
++                                target_pos.y as f32,
++                                target_pos.z as f32 + 1.0,
++                            ));
++                            ambulatory.current_path = None;
++                            ambulatory.path_index = 0;
++                            break;
+                         }
+                     }
+                 }
+@@ -486,7 +549,11 @@ pub fn update_wandering_targets(
+     }
+ }
+ 
+-pub fn movement(mut query: Query<(&mut Ambulatory, &mut Transform)>, tilemap: Res<TileMap>) {
++pub fn movement(
++    mut query: Query<(&mut Ambulatory, &mut Transform)>,
++    tilemap: Res<TileMap>,
++    occupancy: Res<TileOccupancy>,
++) {
+     query
+         .par_iter_mut()
+         .for_each(|(mut ambulatory, mut transform)| {
+@@ -528,6 +595,41 @@ pub fn movement(mut query: Query<(&mut Ambulatory, &mut Transform)>, tilemap: Re
+             if let Some(path) = &ambulatory.current_path {
+                 if ambulatory.path_index < path.len() {
+                     let next_point = path[ambulatory.path_index];
++
++                    if ambulatory.collision_delay > 0 {
++                        ambulatory.collision_delay -= 1;
++                        return;
++                    }
++
++                    let occupied = occupancy.count_at(next_point) > 0;
++                    if occupied {
++                        let move_dir = next_point - transform.translation;
++                        if move_dir.length_squared() > 0.0 {
++                            let left_dir =
++                                Vec3::new(-move_dir.y, move_dir.x, 0.0).normalize() * TILE_SIZE;
++                            let left_raw = transform.translation + left_dir;
++                            let left_point = Vec3::new(
++                                (left_raw.x / TILE_SIZE).round() * TILE_SIZE,
++                                (left_raw.y / TILE_SIZE).round() * TILE_SIZE,
++                                transform.translation.z,
++                            );
++                            let left_free = tilemap.is_standable(left_point.as_ivec3())
++                                && occupancy.count_at(left_point) == 0;
++
++                            if left_free {
++                                if left_dir.x > 0.0 {
++                                    transform.scale.x = PIXEL_RATIO;
++                                } else if left_dir.x < 0.0 {
++                                    transform.scale.x = -PIXEL_RATIO;
++                                }
++                                transform.translation = left_point;
++                                return;
++                            }
++                        }
++                        ambulatory.collision_delay = 1;
++                        return;
++                    }
++
+                     let direction = (next_point - transform.translation).normalize();
+                     transform.translation = next_point;
+ 
+@@ -542,7 +644,11 @@ pub fn movement(mut query: Query<(&mut Ambulatory, &mut Transform)>, tilemap: Re
+                     }
+                 } else {
+                     ambulatory.current_path = None;
+-                    ambulatory.target = None;
++                    if let Some(target) = ambulatory.target {
++                        if transform.translation.distance(target) < TILE_SIZE * 2.0 {
++                            ambulatory.target = None;
++                        }
++                    }
+                 }
+             }
+         });
+@@ -575,93 +681,130 @@ fn directional_chunk_waypoint(
+     next_chunk: IVec2,
+     goal: IVec3,
+     tilemap: &TileMap,
+-    _rng: &mut WyRand,
+-) -> IVec3 {
++    chunk_map: &ChunkMap,
++) -> Option<IVec3> {
++    if !chunk_map.loaded_chunks.contains_key(&next_chunk) {
++        return None;
++    }
++
+     let cx = next_chunk.x * CHUNK_SIZE;
+     let cy = next_chunk.y * CHUNK_SIZE;
+-
+-    // Determine entry edge of the destination chunk.
+-    // We work in ITILE units so 1 step = one tile of movement.
+     let cur_tile = current_pos / ITILE_SIZE;
+     let goal_tile = goal / ITILE_SIZE;
+     let dir = goal_tile - cur_tile;
++    let straight = goal - current_pos;
+ 
+-    // Edge: X-dominant → top/bottom; Y-dominant → left/right; tie → use Y
+-    let (fixed_axis, fixed_tile, var_min, var_max): (bool, i32, i32, i32) =
+-        if dir.x.abs() >= dir.y.abs() {
+-            // Moving east (+) or west (-)
+-            if dir.x >= 0 {
+-                (true, cx + CHUNK_SIZE - 1, cy, cy + CHUNK_SIZE - 1) // east edge
+-            } else {
+-                (true, cx, cy, cy + CHUNK_SIZE - 1) // west edge
+-            }
++    let mut candidates = arrayvec::ArrayVec::<IVec3, 16>::new();
++
++    let mut scan_edge = |fixed_axis: bool, fixed_tile: i32, var_min: i32, var_max: i32| {
++        let var_range = var_max - var_min;
++        let step = if var_range <= 0 {
++            1
+         } else {
+-            // Moving north (+) or south (-)
+-            if dir.y >= 0 {
+-                (false, cy + CHUNK_SIZE - 1, cx, cx + CHUNK_SIZE - 1) // north edge
++            (var_range / 7).max(1)
++        };
++        let mut var = var_min;
++        while var <= var_max {
++            let (tile_x, tile_y) = if fixed_axis {
++                (fixed_tile, var)
+             } else {
+-                (false, cy, cx, cx + CHUNK_SIZE - 1) // south edge
++                (var, fixed_tile)
++            };
++            let world_pos = IVec3::new(
++                tile_x * ITILE_SIZE,
++                tile_y * ITILE_SIZE,
++                cur_tile.z * ITILE_SIZE,
++            );
++            if tilemap.is_standable(world_pos) {
++                candidates.push(world_pos);
+             }
+-        };
+-
+-    // Collect up to 8 standable edge tiles.
+-    let mut candidates: Vec<IVec3> = Vec::with_capacity(8);
+-    let var_range = var_max - var_min;
+-    let step = if var_range <= 0 {
+-        1
+-    } else {
+-        (var_range / 7).max(1)
++            var += step;
++        }
+     };
+ 
+-    let mut var = var_min;
+-    while var <= var_max {
+-        let (tile_x, tile_y) = if fixed_axis {
+-            (fixed_tile, var)
+-        } else {
+-            (var, fixed_tile)
+-        };
++    let near_diagonal = (dir.x.abs() - dir.y.abs()).abs() < CHUNK_SIZE / 2;
+ 
+-        // Match the z-level of the current tile so we don't jump z-levels here.
+-        let world_pos = IVec3::new(
+-            tile_x * ITILE_SIZE,
+-            tile_y * ITILE_SIZE,
+-            cur_tile.z * ITILE_SIZE,
++    if dir.x.abs() >= dir.y.abs() {
++        scan_edge(
++            true,
++            if dir.x >= 0 { cx } else { cx + CHUNK_SIZE - 1 },
++            cy,
++            cy + CHUNK_SIZE - 1,
+         );
+-        if tilemap.is_standable(world_pos) {
+-            candidates.push(world_pos);
+-            if candidates.len() >= 8 {
+-                break;
+-            }
++        if near_diagonal {
++            scan_edge(
++                false,
++                if dir.y >= 0 { cy } else { cy + CHUNK_SIZE - 1 },
++                cx,
++                cx + CHUNK_SIZE - 1,
++            );
++        }
++    } else {
++        scan_edge(
++            false,
++            if dir.y >= 0 { cy } else { cy + CHUNK_SIZE - 1 },
++            cx,
++            cx + CHUNK_SIZE - 1,
++        );
++        if near_diagonal {
++            scan_edge(
++                true,
++                if dir.x >= 0 { cx } else { cx + CHUNK_SIZE - 1 },
++                cy,
++                cy + CHUNK_SIZE - 1,
++            );
+         }
+-
+-        var += step;
+     }
+ 
+     if candidates.is_empty() {
+-        // Fallback: chunk centre (the old behaviour)
+-        IVec3::new(
++        let centre = IVec3::new(
+             (cx + CHUNK_SIZE / 2) * ITILE_SIZE,
+             (cy + CHUNK_SIZE / 2) * ITILE_SIZE,
+             cur_tile.z * ITILE_SIZE,
+-        )
++        );
++        if tilemap.is_standable(centre) {
++            return Some(centre);
++        }
++        for lx in 0..CHUNK_SIZE {
++            for ly in 0..CHUNK_SIZE {
++                let p = IVec3::new(
++                    (cx + lx) * ITILE_SIZE,
++                    (cy + ly) * ITILE_SIZE,
++                    cur_tile.z * ITILE_SIZE,
++                );
++                if tilemap.is_standable(p) {
++                    return Some(p);
++                }
++            }
++        }
++        None
+     } else {
+-        // Pick the candidate closest to the straight-line projection.
+-        let straight = goal - current_pos;
+-        let _straight_len_sq =
+-            straight.x * straight.x + straight.y * straight.y + straight.z * straight.z;
+-
+-        candidates
++        // Find the candidate most aligned with the straight-line direction
++        let best = candidates
+             .iter()
+-            .min_by(|&&a, &&b| {
++            .enumerate()
++            .max_by(|(_, &a), (_, &b)| {
+                 let da = a - current_pos;
+                 let db = b - current_pos;
+-                // Dot product with straight direction: higher = more aligned
+-                let proj_a = (da.x * straight.x + da.y * straight.y + da.z * straight.z) as i64;
+-                let proj_b = (db.x * straight.x + db.y * straight.y + db.z * straight.z) as i64;
+-                proj_b.cmp(&proj_a)
++                (da.x * straight.x + da.y * straight.y + da.z * straight.z)
++                    .cmp(&(db.x * straight.x + db.y * straight.y + db.z * straight.z))
+             })
+-            .copied()
+-            .unwrap()
++            .map(|(idx, _)| idx)
++            .unwrap_or(0);
++
++        // Spread entities using both their start position AND goal position as entropy.
++        // current_pos varies per entity (each is at a different world position).
++        // goal varies per entity (each has a different random wander target).
++        // Together they produce unique spread values for entities even when
++        // heading through the same chunk, without needing to pass entity ID.
++        let entropy = (cur_tile.x.unsigned_abs() as usize)
++            .wrapping_mul(1619)
++            .wrapping_add((cur_tile.y.unsigned_abs() as usize).wrapping_mul(31337))
++            .wrapping_add((goal_tile.x.unsigned_abs() as usize).wrapping_mul(6271))
++            .wrapping_add((goal_tile.y.unsigned_abs() as usize).wrapping_mul(2053));
++        let spread = entropy % candidates.len();
++        let idx = (best + spread) % candidates.len();
++        Some(candidates[idx])
+     }
+ }
+ 
+@@ -727,103 +870,6 @@ fn reconstruct_path(came_from: &FxHashMap<IVec3, IVec3>, mut current: IVec3) ->
+     path
+ }
+ 
+-fn line_of_sight(tilemap: &TileMap, from: IVec3, to: IVec3) -> bool {
+-    let dx = (to.x - from.x).abs();
+-    let dy = (to.y - from.y).abs();
+-    let dz = (to.z - from.z).abs();
+-    let sx = if from.x < to.x {
+-        1
+-    } else if from.x > to.x {
+-        -1
+-    } else {
+-        0
+-    };
+-    let sy = if from.y < to.y {
+-        1
+-    } else if from.y > to.y {
+-        -1
+-    } else {
+-        0
+-    };
+-    let sz = if from.z < to.z {
+-        1
+-    } else if from.z > to.z {
+-        -1
+-    } else {
+-        0
+-    };
+-    let mut x = from.x;
+-    let mut y = from.y;
+-    let mut z = from.z;
+-    let mut err_x = dx / 2;
+-    let mut err_y = dy / 2;
+-    let mut err_z = dz / 2;
+-    let mut err = err_x + err_y + err_z;
+-    let steps = (dx + dy + dz) as i32;
+-    for _ in 0..steps {
+-        if !is_standable_tile(tilemap, IVec3::new(x, y, z)) {
+-            return false;
+-        }
+-        if err_x < 0 {
+-            x += sx;
+-            err_x += dy + dz;
+-        } else if err_x >= dx {
+-            x -= sx;
+-            err_x -= dy + dz;
+-        }
+-        if err_y < 0 {
+-            y += sy;
+-            err_y += dx + dz;
+-        } else if err_y >= dy {
+-            y -= sy;
+-            err_y -= dx + dz;
+-        }
+-        if err_z < 0 {
+-            z += sz;
+-            err_z += dx + dy;
+-        } else if err_z >= dz {
+-            z -= sz;
+-            err_z -= dx + dy;
+-        }
+-        if x == to.x && y == to.y && z == to.z {
+-            return true;
+-        }
+-        err = err_x + err_y + err_z;
+-    }
+-    is_standable_tile(tilemap, to)
+-}
+-
+-fn theta_line_cost(from: IVec3, to: IVec3) -> i32 {
+-    let dx = (to.x - from.x).abs() / ITILE_SIZE;
+-    let dy = (to.y - from.y).abs() / ITILE_SIZE;
+-    let dz = (to.z - from.z).abs() / ITILE_SIZE;
+-    let dmax = dx.max(dy).max(dz);
+-    let dmid = dx.min(dy).min(dz);
+-    let dmin = dx + dy + dz - dmax - dmid;
+-    (10 * dmax + 4 * dmid + dmin).max(10)
+-}
+-
+-fn smooth_path(path: &[Vec3], tilemap: &TileMap) -> Vec<Vec3> {
+-    if path.len() < 3 {
+-        return path.to_vec();
+-    }
+-    let mut result = Vec::with_capacity(path.len());
+-    result.push(path[0]);
+-    let mut i = 0;
+-    while i < path.len() - 1 {
+-        let mut j = path.len() - 1;
+-        while j > i + 1 {
+-            if line_of_sight(tilemap, path[i].as_ivec3(), path[j].as_ivec3()) {
+-                break;
+-            }
+-            j -= 1;
+-        }
+-        result.push(path[j]);
+-        i = j;
+-    }
+-    result
+-}
+-
+ pub fn calculate_path_benchmarked(tilemap: &TileMap, start: IVec3, goal: IVec3) -> Vec<Vec3> {
+     let timer = Instant::now();
+ 
+@@ -882,10 +928,7 @@ fn calculate_path_with_scratchpad(
+             nodes_expanded += 1;
+ 
+             if nodes_expanded > PATHFINDER_MAX_NODES {
+-                return (
+-                    reconstruct_path(&scratch.came_from, current),
+-                    nodes_expanded,
+-                );
++                return (Vec::new(), nodes_expanded); // force retarget
+             }
+ 
+             if current == goal {
+@@ -899,22 +942,6 @@ fn calculate_path_with_scratchpad(
+ 
+             let current_g = *scratch.g_scores.get(&current).unwrap_or(&i32::MAX);
+ 
+-            if let Some(&parent) = scratch.came_from.get(&current) {
+-                if scratch.came_from.contains_key(&parent) {
+-                    let gp = *scratch.came_from.get(&parent).unwrap();
+-                    if line_of_sight(tilemap, gp, current) {
+-                        let gp_g = *scratch.g_scores.get(&gp).unwrap_or(&i32::MAX);
+-                        let via_gp = gp_g + theta_line_cost(gp, current);
+-                        if via_gp < current_g {
+-                            scratch.came_from.insert(current, gp);
+-                            scratch.g_scores.insert(current, via_gp);
+-                        }
+-                    }
+-                }
+-            }
+-
+-            let current_g_updated = *scratch.g_scores.get(&current).unwrap_or(&i32::MAX);
+-
+             for &move_dir in &ALLOWED_MOVES {
+                 let neighbor_pos = current + move_dir;
+ 
+@@ -930,36 +957,16 @@ fn calculate_path_with_scratchpad(
+                     continue;
+                 }
+ 
+-                let via_current_g = current_g_updated + movement_cost;
+-
+-                if let Some(&neighbor_parent) = scratch.came_from.get(&neighbor_pos) {
+-                    if scratch.came_from.contains_key(&neighbor_parent) {
+-                        let np_g = *scratch.g_scores.get(&neighbor_parent).unwrap_or(&i32::MAX);
+-                        if line_of_sight(tilemap, neighbor_parent, neighbor_pos) {
+-                            let via_np_gp = np_g + theta_line_cost(neighbor_parent, neighbor_pos);
+-                            if via_np_gp < via_current_g {
+-                                scratch.came_from.insert(neighbor_pos, neighbor_parent);
+-                                scratch.g_scores.insert(neighbor_pos, via_np_gp);
+-                                let f = via_np_gp + octile_distance_3d(neighbor_pos, goal);
+-                                scratch.open_set.push(PathNode {
+-                                    position: neighbor_pos,
+-                                    f_score: f,
+-                                    g_score: via_np_gp,
+-                                });
+-                                continue;
+-                            }
+-                        }
+-                    }
+-                }
++                let new_g = current_g + movement_cost;
+ 
+-                if via_current_g < *scratch.g_scores.get(&neighbor_pos).unwrap_or(&i32::MAX) {
++                if new_g < *scratch.g_scores.get(&neighbor_pos).unwrap_or(&i32::MAX) {
+                     scratch.came_from.insert(neighbor_pos, current);
+-                    scratch.g_scores.insert(neighbor_pos, via_current_g);
+-                    let f = via_current_g + octile_distance_3d(neighbor_pos, goal);
++                    scratch.g_scores.insert(neighbor_pos, new_g);
++                    let f = new_g + octile_distance_3d(neighbor_pos, goal);
+                     scratch.open_set.push(PathNode {
+                         position: neighbor_pos,
+                         f_score: f,
+-                        g_score: via_current_g,
++                        g_score: new_g,
+                     });
+                 }
+             }
+@@ -1021,10 +1028,7 @@ pub fn calculate_provisional_path(
+             }
+ 
+             if nodes_expanded >= node_limit {
+-                return (
+-                    reconstruct_path(&scratch.came_from, best_node),
+-                    nodes_expanded,
+-                );
++                return (Vec::new(), nodes_expanded);
+             }
+ 
+             scratch.closed_set.insert(current);
+diff --git a/src/main.rs b/src/main.rs
+index d7c9c98..ecd3c70 100644
+--- a/src/main.rs
++++ b/src/main.rs
+@@ -11,6 +11,7 @@ mod camera;
+ mod config;
+ mod constants;
+ mod cursor;
++mod debug;
+ mod entities;
+ mod game;
+ mod system_info;
+@@ -67,5 +68,6 @@ fn main() {
+             Update,
+             item_tile_management_system.after(initialize_item_rotation_state),
+         )
++        .add_systems(Update, debug::entity_dump::dump_entity_positions)
+         .run();
+ }
+diff --git a/src/world/generation/forestry.rs b/src/world/generation/forestry.rs
+index e5cb370..d69cfac 100644
+--- a/src/world/generation/forestry.rs
++++ b/src/world/generation/forestry.rs
+@@ -12,8 +12,7 @@ use crate::{
+     constants::{SEED, TILE_SIZE},
+     world::{
+         tiles::{FixtureTileData, TileMap},
+-        ChunkForrestryEvent, ChunkMap, ChunkOwner, FixtureTilePrefab, TextureIDs, Textures,
+-        VisibleGameEntity,
++        ChunkForrestryEvent, ChunkMap, ChunkOwner, TextureIDs, Textures, VisibleGameEntity,
+     },
+ };
+ 
+@@ -72,8 +71,12 @@ pub fn generate_chunk_forrestry(
+                                     continue;
+                                 }
+ 
+-                                let trunk_entity =
+-                                    FixtureTilePrefab::log(trunk_pos).spawn(&mut commands);
++                                let trunk_entity = commands
++                                    .spawn((
++                                        Transform::from_translation(trunk_pos),
++                                        Visibility::Hidden,
++                                    ))
++                                    .id();
+                                 tree_positions.push(trunk_pos);
+                                 commands
+                                     .entity(trunk_entity)
+@@ -136,7 +139,6 @@ pub fn generate_chunk_forrestry(
+                                             * (1.0 + (rng.random::<f32>() * 0.35 - 0.1));
+ 
+                                         if x_f * x_f + y_f * y_f + z_f * z_f <= radius * radius {
+-                                            FixtureTilePrefab::leaves(pos).spawn(&mut commands);
+                                             if let Some(texture_id) = texture_ids.refs.get(&500005)
+                                             {
+                                                 if let Some(texture) =
+@@ -166,7 +168,7 @@ pub fn generate_chunk_forrestry(
+                                                         (
+                                                             ivec,
+                                                             FixtureTileData::new(
+-                                                                5, false, true, [0; 8],
++                                                                5, true, false, [0; 8],
+                                                             ),
+                                                         ),
+                                                     );
+diff --git a/src/world/generation/terrain.rs b/src/world/generation/terrain.rs
+index ed91ba2..2257c31 100644
+--- a/src/world/generation/terrain.rs
++++ b/src/world/generation/terrain.rs
+@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ use crate::{
+     constants::{SEED, TILE_SIZE},
+     world::{
+         tiles::{ChunkData, FloorTileData, TileMap},
+-        ChunkForrestryEvent, ChunkMap, ChunkTerrainEvent, FloorTilePrefab, TileOcclusionEvent,
++        ChunkForrestryEvent, ChunkMap, ChunkTerrainEvent, TileOcclusionEvent,
+         CHUNK_SIZE, Z_ABOVE, Z_BELOW,
+     },
+ };
+@@ -47,7 +47,6 @@ pub struct TerrainBlob {
+     pub chunk_data: ChunkData,
+     pub tile_updates: Vec<(IVec3, FloorTileData)>,
+     pub surface_positions: Vec<(Vec3, String)>,
+-    pub tile_spawns: Vec<(Vec3, FloorTilePrefab)>,
+ }
+ 
+ pub fn generate_surface_terrain(x: i32, y: i32) -> f32 {
+@@ -75,7 +74,6 @@ fn generate_terrain_blob(chunk_pos: IVec2) -> TerrainBlob {
+     let mut chunk_data = ChunkData::new(chunk_pos);
+     let mut tile_updates: Vec<(IVec3, FloorTileData)> = Vec::new();
+     let mut surface_positions: Vec<(Vec3, String)> = Vec::new();
+-    let mut tile_spawns: Vec<(Vec3, FloorTilePrefab)> = Vec::new();
+ 
+     for local_y in 0..CHUNK_SIZE {
+         for local_x in 0..CHUNK_SIZE {
+@@ -107,7 +105,6 @@ fn generate_terrain_blob(chunk_pos: IVec2) -> TerrainBlob {
+                     ]);
+                     if cave_value < -0.75 {
+                         let tile = registry.floor("air");
+-                        tile_spawns.push((position, FloorTilePrefab::air(position)));
+                         tile_updates.push((
+                             pos_ivec,
+                             FloorTileData::new(
+@@ -130,7 +127,6 @@ fn generate_terrain_blob(chunk_pos: IVec2) -> TerrainBlob {
+                         );
+                     } else if cave_value < 0.8 {
+                         let tile = registry.floor("rock");
+-                        tile_spawns.push((position, FloorTilePrefab::rock(position)));
+                         tile_updates.push((
+                             pos_ivec,
+                             FloorTileData::new(
+@@ -153,7 +149,6 @@ fn generate_terrain_blob(chunk_pos: IVec2) -> TerrainBlob {
+                         );
+                     } else {
+                         let tile = registry.floor("dirt");
+-                        tile_spawns.push((position, FloorTilePrefab::dirt(position)));
+                         tile_updates.push((
+                             pos_ivec,
+                             FloorTileData::new(
+@@ -178,7 +173,6 @@ fn generate_terrain_blob(chunk_pos: IVec2) -> TerrainBlob {
+                 } else if noise_position.z > position.z {
+                     if surface_height <= position.z + TILE_SIZE {
+                         let tile = registry.floor("grass");
+-                        tile_spawns.push((position, FloorTilePrefab::grass(position)));
+                         tile_updates.push((
+                             pos_ivec,
+                             FloorTileData::new(
+@@ -202,7 +196,6 @@ fn generate_terrain_blob(chunk_pos: IVec2) -> TerrainBlob {
+                         surface_positions.push((position, "grass".to_string()));
+                     } else {
+                         let tile = registry.floor("dirt");
+-                        tile_spawns.push((position, FloorTilePrefab::dirt(position)));
+                         tile_updates.push((
+                             pos_ivec,
+                             FloorTileData::new(
+@@ -226,7 +219,6 @@ fn generate_terrain_blob(chunk_pos: IVec2) -> TerrainBlob {
+                     }
+                 } else {
+                     let tile = registry.floor("air");
+-                    tile_spawns.push((position, FloorTilePrefab::air(position)));
+                     tile_updates.push((
+                         pos_ivec,
+                         FloorTileData::new(
+@@ -257,7 +249,6 @@ fn generate_terrain_blob(chunk_pos: IVec2) -> TerrainBlob {
+         chunk_data,
+         tile_updates,
+         surface_positions,
+-        tile_spawns,
+     }
+ }
+ 
+diff --git a/src/world/mod.rs b/src/world/mod.rs
+index 4be608b..0c74ab8 100644
+--- a/src/world/mod.rs
++++ b/src/world/mod.rs
+@@ -2,8 +2,8 @@ use crate::{
+     camera,
+     config::{GameConfig, VsyncMode},
+     world::generation::{
+-        generate_chunk_fauna, generate_chunk_foliage, generate_chunk_forrestry,
+-        generate_chunk_weathering_and_precipitation, apply_terrain_blobs, spawn_terrain_tasks,
++        apply_terrain_blobs, generate_chunk_fauna, generate_chunk_foliage,
++        generate_chunk_forrestry, generate_chunk_weathering_and_precipitation, spawn_terrain_tasks,
+         TerrainBlobStorage,
+     },
+ };
+@@ -16,12 +16,9 @@ pub mod tiles;
+ 
+ pub use chunks::management::*;
+ pub use textures::management::*;
+-pub use tiles::{prefabs::*, rendering::*, visibility::*};
++pub use tiles::{rendering::*, visibility::*};
+ 
+-pub fn apply_vsync_setting(
+-    config: Res<GameConfig>,
+-    mut windows: Query<&mut Window>,
+-) {
++pub fn apply_vsync_setting(config: Res<GameConfig>, mut windows: Query<&mut Window>) {
+     if config.is_changed() {
+         if let Ok(mut window) = windows.single_mut() {
+             window.present_mode = match config.display.vsync {
+diff --git a/src/world/tiles/benchmark.rs b/src/world/tiles/benchmark.rs
+index 8541a71..024fe09 100644
+--- a/src/world/tiles/benchmark.rs
++++ b/src/world/tiles/benchmark.rs
+@@ -151,14 +151,10 @@ impl TilemapBenchmark {
+ }
+ 
+ /// Runs every frame — samples entity counts and frame timing.
+-pub fn track_benchmark(
+-    mut bench: ResMut<TilemapBenchmark>,
+-    time: Res<Time>,
+-    floor_tiles: Query<(), With<super::FloorTile>>,
+-) {
++pub fn track_benchmark(mut bench: ResMut<TilemapBenchmark>, time: Res<Time>) {
+     bench.frame_count += 1;
+     bench.frame_times.push(time.delta());
+-    bench.floor_tile_count = floor_tiles.iter().count() as u32;
++    bench.floor_tile_count = 0;
+ 
+     // Trim rolling window to last 300 frames for p99 calculation
+     if bench.frame_times.len() > 300 {
+diff --git a/src/world/tiles/mod.rs b/src/world/tiles/mod.rs
+index 346d8c6..6748da9 100644
+--- a/src/world/tiles/mod.rs
++++ b/src/world/tiles/mod.rs
+@@ -1,7 +1,5 @@
+ pub mod benchmark;
+ pub mod chunk_data;
+-pub mod components;
+-pub mod prefabs;
+ pub mod rendering;
+ pub mod tilemap;
+ pub mod tilemap_chunk;
+@@ -9,8 +7,6 @@ pub mod visibility;
+ 
+ pub use benchmark::*;
+ pub use chunk_data::*;
+-pub use components::*;
+-pub use prefabs::*;
+ pub use tilemap::*;
+ pub use tilemap_chunk::*;
+ pub use visibility::*;
+diff --git a/src/world/tiles/prefabs.rs b/src/world/tiles/prefabs.rs
+index 28c989f..781ba26 100644
+--- a/src/world/tiles/prefabs.rs
++++ b/src/world/tiles/prefabs.rs
+@@ -1,195 +1,4 @@
+-use bevy::prelude::*;
+-
+-use crate::{
+-    config::TileRegistry,
+-    world::{
+-        tiles::{FixtureTile, FloorTile, TileState},
+-        FIXTURE_ID_OFFSET,
+-    },
+-};
+-
+-#[derive(Bundle)]
+-pub struct FloorTilePrefab {
+-    transform: Transform,
+-    tile: FloorTile,
+-    tile_state: TileState,
+-    visibility: Visibility,
+-}
+-
+-impl FloorTilePrefab {
+-    pub fn grass(position: Vec3) -> Self {
+-        let def = TileRegistry::global().floor("grass");
+-        FloorTilePrefab {
+-            transform: Transform::from_translation(position),
+-            tile: FloorTile {
+-                id: def.id as u32,
+-                opaque: !def.transparent,
+-                walkable: def.can_stand_on,
+-                astar_weight: def.astar_weight,
+-                visible_range: [0; 8],
+-            },
+-            tile_state: TileState {
+-                timer: Timer::from_seconds(1.0, TimerMode::Repeating),
+-            },
+-            visibility: Visibility::Hidden,
+-        }
+-    }
+-
+-    pub fn dirt(position: Vec3) -> Self {
+-        let def = TileRegistry::global().floor("dirt");
+-        FloorTilePrefab {
+-            transform: Transform::from_translation(position),
+-            tile: FloorTile {
+-                id: def.id as u32,
+-                opaque: !def.transparent,
+-                walkable: def.can_stand_on,
+-                astar_weight: def.astar_weight,
+-                visible_range: [0; 8],
+-            },
+-            tile_state: TileState {
+-                timer: Timer::from_seconds(1.0, TimerMode::Repeating),
+-            },
+-            visibility: Visibility::Hidden,
+-        }
+-    }
+-
+-    pub fn rock(position: Vec3) -> Self {
+-        let def = TileRegistry::global().floor("rock");
+-        FloorTilePrefab {
+-            transform: Transform::from_translation(position),
+-            tile: FloorTile {
+-                id: def.id as u32,
+-                opaque: !def.transparent,
+-                walkable: def.can_stand_on,
+-                astar_weight: def.astar_weight,
+-                visible_range: [0; 8],
+-            },
+-            tile_state: TileState {
+-                timer: Timer::from_seconds(1.0, TimerMode::Repeating),
+-            },
+-            visibility: Visibility::Hidden,
+-        }
+-    }
+-
+-    pub fn air(position: Vec3) -> Self {
+-        let def = TileRegistry::global().floor("air");
+-        FloorTilePrefab {
+-            transform: Transform::from_translation(position),
+-            tile: FloorTile {
+-                id: def.id as u32,
+-                opaque: !def.transparent,
+-                walkable: def.can_stand_on,
+-                astar_weight: def.astar_weight,
+-                visible_range: [0; 8],
+-            },
+-            tile_state: TileState {
+-                timer: Timer::from_seconds(1.0, TimerMode::Repeating),
+-            },
+-            visibility: Visibility::Hidden,
+-        }
+-    }
+-
+-    pub fn bedrock(position: Vec3) -> Self {
+-        let def = TileRegistry::global().floor("bedrock");
+-        FloorTilePrefab {
+-            transform: Transform::from_translation(position),
+-            tile: FloorTile {
+-                id: def.id as u32,
+-                opaque: !def.transparent,
+-                walkable: def.can_stand_on,
+-                astar_weight: def.astar_weight,
+-                visible_range: [0; 8],
+-            },
+-            tile_state: TileState {
+-                timer: Timer::from_seconds(1.0, TimerMode::Repeating),
+-            },
+-            visibility: Visibility::Hidden,
+-        }
+-    }
+-
+-    pub fn spawn(self, commands: &mut Commands) -> Entity {
+-        commands
+-            .spawn((self.tile, self.transform, self.tile_state, self.visibility))
+-            .id()
+-    }
+-}
+-
+-#[derive(Bundle)]
+-pub struct FixtureTilePrefab {
+-    transform: Transform,
+-    tile: FixtureTile,
+-    visibility: Visibility,
+-}
+-
+-impl FixtureTilePrefab {
+-    pub fn dirt_wall(position: Vec3) -> Self {
+-        let def = TileRegistry::global().fixture("dirt_wall");
+-        FixtureTilePrefab {
+-            transform: Transform::from_translation(position),
+-            tile: FixtureTile {
+-                id: FIXTURE_ID_OFFSET + def.id,
+-                solid: def.solid,
+-                visible_range: [0; 8],
+-            },
+-            visibility: Visibility::Hidden,
+-        }
+-    }
+-
+-    pub fn rock_wall(position: Vec3) -> Self {
+-        let def = TileRegistry::global().fixture("rock_wall");
+-        FixtureTilePrefab {
+-            transform: Transform::from_translation(position),
+-            tile: FixtureTile {
+-                id: FIXTURE_ID_OFFSET + def.id,
+-                solid: def.solid,
+-                visible_range: [0; 8],
+-            },
+-            visibility: Visibility::Hidden,
+-        }
+-    }
+-
+-    pub fn log(position: Vec3) -> Self {
+-        let def = TileRegistry::global().fixture("log");
+-        FixtureTilePrefab {
+-            transform: Transform::from_translation(position),
+-            tile: FixtureTile {
+-                id: FIXTURE_ID_OFFSET + def.id,
+-                solid: def.solid,
+-                visible_range: [0; 8],
+-            },
+-            visibility: Visibility::Hidden,
+-        }
+-    }
+-
+-    pub fn leaves(position: Vec3) -> Self {
+-        let def = TileRegistry::global().fixture("leaves");
+-        FixtureTilePrefab {
+-            transform: Transform::from_translation(position),
+-            tile: FixtureTile {
+-                id: FIXTURE_ID_OFFSET + def.id,
+-                solid: def.solid,
+-                visible_range: [0; 8],
+-            },
+-            visibility: Visibility::Hidden,
+-        }
+-    }
+-
+-    pub fn bedrock_wall(position: Vec3) -> Self {
+-        let def = TileRegistry::global().fixture("bedrock_wall");
+-        FixtureTilePrefab {
+-            transform: Transform::from_translation(position),
+-            tile: FixtureTile {
+-                id: FIXTURE_ID_OFFSET + def.id,
+-                solid: def.solid,
+-                visible_range: [0; 8],
+-            },
+-            visibility: Visibility::Hidden,
+-        }
+-    }
+-
+-    pub fn spawn(self, commands: &mut Commands) -> Entity {
+-        commands
+-            .spawn((self.tile, self.transform, self.visibility))
+-            .id()
+-    }
+-}
++// Prefab types (FloorTilePrefab, FixtureTilePrefab) were deleted — they were
++// entirely dead code. FloorTile and FixtureTile ECS components (in the former
++// components.rs) were also never read. The TileMap + ChunkData bitsets are the
++// sole source of truth for standability.
+diff --git a/src/world/tiles/tilemap.rs b/src/world/tiles/tilemap.rs
+index 5d31e40..95c012f 100644
+--- a/src/world/tiles/tilemap.rs
++++ b/src/world/tiles/tilemap.rs
+@@ -237,6 +237,24 @@ impl TileMap {
+             .unwrap_or(100)
+     }
+ 
++    /// Remove a fixture tile, clearing both the HashMap entry and ChunkData bitsets.
++    /// BOTH must be cleared — leaving ChunkData stale causes is_standable bugs.
++    pub fn remove_fixture(&mut self, pos: &IVec3) -> Option<FixtureTileData> {
++        use super::chunk_data::ChunkData;
++
++        let removed = self.fixture_tiles.remove(pos);
++        let chunk_pos = world_to_chunk(*pos);
++        if let Some(chunk) = self.chunks.get_mut(&chunk_pos) {
++            let (lx, ly, z) = ChunkData::world_to_local(*pos);
++            let idx = ChunkData::pos_to_index(lx, ly, z);
++            let word = idx / 32;
++            let clear_mask = !(1u32 << (idx % 32));
++            chunk.stand_in_fixture[word] &= clear_mask;
++            chunk.stand_on_fixture[word] &= clear_mask;
++        }
++        removed
++    }
++
+     /// Remove all tile data for a specific chunk from the TileMap.
+     /// Iterates all positions in the chunk volume and removes from HashMaps.
+     /// Used during chunk unloading to clean up tile data.
+diff --git a/src/world/tiles/tilemap_chunk.rs b/src/world/tiles/tilemap_chunk.rs
+index 1140c26..1ffb0e0 100644
+--- a/src/world/tiles/tilemap_chunk.rs
++++ b/src/world/tiles/tilemap_chunk.rs
+@@ -280,7 +280,7 @@ pub fn spawn_tilemap_chunks(
+         let half_chunk = (CHUNK_SIZE_TILE as f32) / 2.0 - TILE_SIZE / 2.0;
+         let world_x = (key.chunk_pos.x as f32) * (CHUNK_SIZE_TILE as f32) + half_chunk;
+         let world_y = (key.chunk_pos.y as f32) * (CHUNK_SIZE_TILE as f32) + half_chunk;
+-        let z_depth = -(Z_BELOW - key.z_index as f32) * TILE_SIZE;
++        let z_depth = (key.z_index as f32 - Z_BELOW) * TILE_SIZE;
+ 
+         let visible = z_diff >= 0 && z_diff <= 8;
+ 
diff --git a/src/constants.rs b/src/constants.rs
index 5025d11..83a29b1 100644
--- a/src/constants.rs
+++ b/src/constants.rs
@@ -5,16 +5,11 @@ pub const ITILE_SIZE: i32 = TILE_SIZE as i32;
 pub const SEED: u32 = 420;
 
 pub const PATHFINDER_SHORT_PATH_MAX_TILES: i32 = 64;
-pub const PATHFINDER_MAX_NODES: usize = 5000;
-pub const PATHFINDER_WAYPOINT_THRESHOLD_TILES: i32 = 100;
-pub const PATHFINDER_PROVISIONAL_NODE_LIMIT: usize = 64;
+pub const PATHFINDER_MAX_NODES: usize = 15000;
+pub const PATHFINDER_PROVISIONAL_NODE_LIMIT: usize = 256;
 
 // Hierarchical pathfinding thresholds
 // Tier 1: Same/adjacent chunk -> sync A* (fast, ~87µs)
 // Tier 2: 2-4 chunks away -> Provisional + full path via queue
 // Tier 3: >4 chunks away -> Hierarchical chunk-path + async segmented A*
 pub const PATHFINDER_HIERARCHICAL_THRESHOLD_CHUNKS: i32 = 4;
-pub const PATHFINDER_ASYNC_NODE_BUDGET_PER_FRAME: usize = 2000;
-
-// Snapshot bounds for async pathfinding (in chunks)
-pub const PATHFINDER_SNAPSHOT_CHUNK_RADIUS: i32 = 2;
diff --git a/src/debug/entity_dump.rs b/src/debug/entity_dump.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b79403a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/debug/entity_dump.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,74 @@
+use bevy::prelude::*;
+use std::fs::OpenOptions;
+use std::io::Write;
+
+use crate::entities::shared_components::Ambulatory;
+
+pub fn dump_entity_positions(
+    keys: Res<ButtonInput<KeyCode>>,
+    time: Res<Time>,
+    query: Query<(Entity, &Transform, Option<&Ambulatory>), With<Ambulatory>>,
+) {
+    if !keys.just_pressed(KeyCode::Space) {
+        return;
+    }
+
+    let timestamp = time.elapsed_secs();
+    let filename = format!("entity_dump_{:.2}.csv", timestamp);
+
+    let mut file = match OpenOptions::new()
+        .create(true)
+        .write(true)
+        .truncate(true)
+        .open(&filename)
+    {
+        Ok(f) => f,
+        Err(e) => {
+            eprintln!("Failed to create dump file: {}", e);
+            return;
+        }
+    };
+
+    writeln!(
+        file,
+        "timestamp,entity_id,x,y,z,has_path,path_index,path_len,target_x,target_y,target_z"
+    )
+    .ok();
+
+    let mut count = 0;
+    for (entity, transform, ambulatory) in query.iter() {
+        let pos = transform.translation;
+        let (has_path, path_index, path_len, tx, ty, tz) = match ambulatory {
+            Some(a) => {
+                let path_len = a.current_path.as_ref().map(|p| p.len()).unwrap_or(0);
+                let has_path = path_len > 0;
+                let (tx, ty, tz) = match a.target {
+                    Some(t) => (t.x, t.y, t.z),
+                    None => (0.0, 0.0, 0.0),
+                };
+                (has_path, a.path_index, path_len, tx, ty, tz)
+            }
+            None => (false, 0, 0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0),
+        };
+
+        writeln!(
+            file,
+            "{:.3},{},{:.1},{:.1},{:.1},{},{},{},{:.1},{:.1},{:.1}",
+            timestamp,
+            entity.index(),
+            pos.x,
+            pos.y,
+            pos.z,
+            has_path,
+            path_index,
+            path_len,
+            tx,
+            ty,
+            tz,
+        )
+        .ok();
+        count += 1;
+    }
+
+    println!("[DUMP] {} entities written to {}", count, filename);
+}
diff --git a/src/debug/mod.rs b/src/debug/mod.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e875351
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/debug/mod.rs
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+pub mod entity_dump;
diff --git a/src/entities/livestock/pig.rs b/src/entities/livestock/pig.rs
index d5304ab..714a975 100644
--- a/src/entities/livestock/pig.rs
+++ b/src/entities/livestock/pig.rs
@@ -30,6 +30,7 @@ impl Pig {
                 path_index: 0,
                 step_recovery: 0,
                 validation_cooldown: 0,
+                collision_delay: 0,
             },
             sprite: Sprite {
                 image: asset_server.load("pig.png"),
diff --git a/src/entities/livestock/rabbit.rs b/src/entities/livestock/rabbit.rs
index e044043..9e8326a 100644
--- a/src/entities/livestock/rabbit.rs
+++ b/src/entities/livestock/rabbit.rs
@@ -27,6 +27,7 @@ impl Rabbit {
                 path_index: 0,
                 step_recovery: 0,
                 validation_cooldown: 0,
+                collision_delay: 0,
             },
             sprite: Sprite {
                 image: asset_server.load("rabbit.png"),
diff --git a/src/entities/sentient/dorf.rs b/src/entities/sentient/dorf.rs
index 02210c0..96a66fe 100644
--- a/src/entities/sentient/dorf.rs
+++ b/src/entities/sentient/dorf.rs
@@ -27,6 +27,7 @@ impl Dorf {
                 path_index: 0,
                 step_recovery: 0,
                 validation_cooldown: 0,
+                collision_delay: 0,
             },
             sprite: Sprite {
                 image: asset_server.load("dorf.png"),
diff --git a/src/entities/shared_components/ambulatory.rs b/src/entities/shared_components/ambulatory.rs
index e2f4b8d..a969ed4 100644
--- a/src/entities/shared_components/ambulatory.rs
+++ b/src/entities/shared_components/ambulatory.rs
@@ -10,6 +10,7 @@ pub struct Ambulatory {
     pub target: Option<Vec3>,
     pub step_recovery: u32,
     pub validation_cooldown: u8,
+    pub collision_delay: u8,
 }
 
 impl Default for Ambulatory {
@@ -22,6 +23,7 @@ impl Default for Ambulatory {
             target: None,
             step_recovery: 0,
             validation_cooldown: 0,
+            collision_delay: 0,
         }
     }
 }
diff --git a/src/entities/shared_systems/mod.rs b/src/entities/shared_systems/mod.rs
index 1bc27c5..ff161f5 100644
--- a/src/entities/shared_systems/mod.rs
+++ b/src/entities/shared_systems/mod.rs
@@ -1 +1,2 @@
+pub mod occupancy;
 pub mod pathfinding;
diff --git a/src/entities/shared_systems/occupancy.rs b/src/entities/shared_systems/occupancy.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..58e7597
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/entities/shared_systems/occupancy.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+use crate::constants::ITILE_SIZE;
+use crate::entities::shared_components::Ambulatory;
+use bevy::prelude::*;
+use rustc_hash::FxHashMap;
+
+#[derive(Resource, Default)]
+pub struct TileOccupancy {
+    pub counts: FxHashMap<(i32, i32), u8>,
+}
+
+impl TileOccupancy {
+    #[inline]
+    pub fn count_at(&self, world_pos: Vec3) -> u8 {
+        let tx = (world_pos.x as i32) / ITILE_SIZE;
+        let ty = (world_pos.y as i32) / ITILE_SIZE;
+        *self.counts.get(&(tx, ty)).unwrap_or(&0)
+    }
+}
+
+pub fn rebuild_tile_occupancy(
+    mut occupancy: ResMut<TileOccupancy>,
+    query: Query<&Transform, With<Ambulatory>>,
+) {
+    occupancy.counts.clear();
+    for transform in query.iter() {
+        let tx = (transform.translation.x as i32) / ITILE_SIZE;
+        let ty = (transform.translation.y as i32) / ITILE_SIZE;
+        let count = occupancy.counts.entry((tx, ty)).or_insert(0);
+        if *count < 255 {
+            *count += 1;
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/src/entities/shared_systems/pathfinding.rs b/src/entities/shared_systems/pathfinding.rs
index 92e5288..c71fc22 100644
--- a/src/entities/shared_systems/pathfinding.rs
+++ b/src/entities/shared_systems/pathfinding.rs
@@ -61,8 +61,9 @@ use std::{cell::RefCell, collections::BinaryHeap, collections::VecDeque, time::I
 
 use crate::constants::{
     ITILE_SIZE, PATHFINDER_HIERARCHICAL_THRESHOLD_CHUNKS, PATHFINDER_MAX_NODES,
-    PATHFINDER_PROVISIONAL_NODE_LIMIT, TILE_SIZE,
+    PATHFINDER_PROVISIONAL_NODE_LIMIT, PIXEL_RATIO, TILE_SIZE,
 };
+use crate::entities::shared_systems::occupancy::{rebuild_tile_occupancy, TileOccupancy};
 use crate::world::tiles::TileMap;
 use crate::world::{
     chunks::CHUNK_SIZE,
@@ -215,9 +216,16 @@ impl Plugin for PathfindingPlugin {
             .insert_resource(crate::entities::shared_components::CompletedPaths::default())
             .insert_resource(crate::entities::shared_components::PathRequestCounter::default())
             .insert_resource(PathRequestQueue::default())
+            .init_resource::<TileOccupancy>()
             .add_systems(
                 FixedUpdate,
-                (prepare_paths, update_wandering_targets, movement).chain(),
+                (
+                    rebuild_tile_occupancy,
+                    prepare_paths,
+                    update_wandering_targets,
+                    movement,
+                )
+                    .chain(),
             )
             .add_systems(
                 PostUpdate,
@@ -266,10 +274,11 @@ pub fn prepare_paths(
             ambulatory.path_index = 0;
         } else if chunk_distance > PATHFINDER_HIERARCHICAL_THRESHOLD_CHUNKS {
             let chunk_path = calculate_chunk_path(&chunk_map, start_chunk, goal_chunk);
+            let provisional_goal = goal;
             let provisional = calculate_provisional_path(
                 &tilemap,
                 start,
-                goal,
+                provisional_goal,
                 PATHFINDER_PROVISIONAL_NODE_LIMIT,
             );
             if !provisional.is_empty() {
@@ -296,8 +305,14 @@ pub fn prepare_paths(
                     });
             } else {
                 let path = calculate_path_benchmarked(&tilemap, start, goal);
-                ambulatory.current_path = Some(path);
-                ambulatory.path_index = 0;
+                if path.len() <= 1 {
+                    // Path failed — clear target so entity picks a new reachable one
+                    ambulatory.target = None;
+                    ambulatory.current_path = None;
+                } else {
+                    ambulatory.current_path = Some(path);
+                    ambulatory.path_index = 0;
+                }
             }
         } else {
             let provisional = calculate_provisional_path(
@@ -326,8 +341,14 @@ pub fn prepare_paths(
                     });
             } else {
                 let path = calculate_path_benchmarked(&tilemap, start, goal);
-                ambulatory.current_path = Some(path);
-                ambulatory.path_index = 0;
+                if path.len() <= 1 {
+                    // Path failed — clear target so entity picks a new reachable one
+                    ambulatory.target = None;
+                    ambulatory.current_path = None;
+                } else {
+                    ambulatory.current_path = Some(path);
+                    ambulatory.path_index = 0;
+                }
             }
         }
     }
@@ -337,17 +358,12 @@ pub fn process_path_queue(
     mut commands: Commands,
     mut queue: ResMut<PathRequestQueue>,
     tilemap: Res<TileMap>,
-    _chunk_map: Res<ChunkMap>,
-    mut rng_q: Query<&mut WyRand, With<GlobalRng>>,
+    chunk_map: Res<ChunkMap>,
     mut query: Query<
         (Entity, &mut Ambulatory, &Transform),
         With<crate::entities::shared_components::PendingPath>,
     >,
 ) {
-    let Ok(mut rng) = rng_q.single_mut() else {
-        return;
-    };
-
     let mut processed = 0;
     while processed < MAX_PATHS_PER_FRAME {
         if let Some(request) = queue.pending.pop_front() {
@@ -360,18 +376,27 @@ pub fn process_path_queue(
                     let current_chunk = world_to_chunk(actual_start);
                     if let Some(next_chunk) = chunk_waypoints.iter().find(|&&c| c != current_chunk)
                     {
-                        let waypoint = directional_chunk_waypoint(
+                        match directional_chunk_waypoint(
                             actual_start,
                             *next_chunk,
                             request.goal,
                             &tilemap,
-                            &mut rng,
-                        );
-                        let segment_path =
-                            calculate_path_benchmarked(&tilemap, actual_start, waypoint);
-                        if !segment_path.is_empty() {
-                            ambulatory.current_path = Some(segment_path);
-                            ambulatory.path_index = 0;
+                            &chunk_map,
+                        ) {
+                            None => {
+                                // Chunk unloaded or no standable tiles — abandon this path,
+                                // entity will retarget via prepare_paths next frame
+                                ambulatory.current_path = None;
+                                ambulatory.target = None;
+                            }
+                            Some(waypoint) => {
+                                let segment_path =
+                                    calculate_path_benchmarked(&tilemap, actual_start, waypoint);
+                                if !segment_path.is_empty() {
+                                    ambulatory.current_path = Some(segment_path);
+                                    ambulatory.path_index = 0;
+                                }
+                            }
                         }
                     }
                 } else {
@@ -447,37 +472,75 @@ pub fn update_wandering_targets(
         return;
     };
 
-    for (mut ambulatory, _) in query.iter_mut() {
-        if ambulatory.target.is_none()
-            || (ambulatory.current_path.is_some()
-                && ambulatory.path_index >= ambulatory.current_path.as_ref().unwrap().len())
-        {
-            let loaded_chunks: Vec<&IVec2> = chunk_map.loaded_chunks.keys().collect();
-            if !loaded_chunks.is_empty() {
-                let random_index = rng.random_range(0..loaded_chunks.len());
-                if let Some(&chunk_pos) = loaded_chunks.get(random_index) {
-                    let chunk_x = chunk_pos.x * CHUNK_SIZE;
-                    let chunk_y = chunk_pos.y * CHUNK_SIZE;
+    for (mut ambulatory, transform) in query.iter_mut() {
+        if ambulatory.target.is_none() {
+            // Only target interior chunks — exclude boundary chunks that
+            // have unloaded neighbours, which strand entities at world edges.
+            let current_chunk = world_to_chunk(transform.translation.as_ivec3());
 
-                    let target_x = chunk_x + rng.random_range(0..CHUNK_SIZE);
-                    let target_y = chunk_y + rng.random_range(0..CHUNK_SIZE);
+            // Reservoir sampling - pick one interior chunk with zero allocation
+            let mut chosen: Option<IVec2> = None;
+            let mut count = 0usize;
+            for &chunk in chunk_map.loaded_chunks.keys() {
+                let dx = (chunk.x - current_chunk.x).abs();
+                let dy = (chunk.y - current_chunk.y).abs();
+                if dx <= 2 && dy <= 2 {
+                    continue;
+                }
+                if !chunk_map
+                    .loaded_chunks
+                    .contains_key(&IVec2::new(chunk.x + 1, chunk.y))
+                {
+                    continue;
+                }
+                if !chunk_map
+                    .loaded_chunks
+                    .contains_key(&IVec2::new(chunk.x - 1, chunk.y))
+                {
+                    continue;
+                }
+                if !chunk_map
+                    .loaded_chunks
+                    .contains_key(&IVec2::new(chunk.x, chunk.y + 1))
+                {
+                    continue;
+                }
+                if !chunk_map
+                    .loaded_chunks
+                    .contains_key(&IVec2::new(chunk.x, chunk.y - 1))
+                {
+                    continue;
+                }
+                count += 1;
+                if rng.random_range(0..count) == 0 {
+                    chosen = Some(chunk);
+                }
+            }
 
-                    for z in -3..=4 {
-                        let mut target_pos = IVec3::new(target_x, target_y, z) * ITILE_SIZE;
-                        if tilemap.floor_tiles.get(&target_pos).is_some() {
-                            target_pos.z += ITILE_SIZE;
-                            if tilemap.floor_tiles.get(&target_pos).is_some()
-                                && is_standable_tile(&tilemap, target_pos)
-                            {
-                                ambulatory.target = Some(Vec3::new(
-                                    target_pos.x as f32,
-                                    target_pos.y as f32,
-                                    target_pos.z as f32 + 1.0,
-                                ));
-                                ambulatory.current_path = None;
-                                ambulatory.path_index = 0;
-                                break;
-                            }
+            // Fallback to any chunk if no interior chunks found (small map / startup)
+            let target_chunk = chosen.or_else(|| chunk_map.loaded_chunks.keys().next().copied());
+
+            if let Some(chunk_pos) = target_chunk {
+                let chunk_x = chunk_pos.x * CHUNK_SIZE;
+                let chunk_y = chunk_pos.y * CHUNK_SIZE;
+                let target_x = chunk_x + rng.random_range(0..CHUNK_SIZE);
+                let target_y = chunk_y + rng.random_range(0..CHUNK_SIZE);
+
+                for z in -3..=4 {
+                    let mut target_pos = IVec3::new(target_x, target_y, z) * ITILE_SIZE;
+                    if tilemap.floor_tiles.get(&target_pos).is_some() {
+                        target_pos.z += ITILE_SIZE;
+                        if tilemap.floor_tiles.get(&target_pos).is_some()
+                            && is_standable_tile(&tilemap, target_pos)
+                        {
+                            ambulatory.target = Some(Vec3::new(
+                                target_pos.x as f32,
+                                target_pos.y as f32,
+                                target_pos.z as f32 + 1.0,
+                            ));
+                            ambulatory.current_path = None;
+                            ambulatory.path_index = 0;
+                            break;
                         }
                     }
                 }
@@ -486,7 +549,11 @@ pub fn update_wandering_targets(
     }
 }
 
-pub fn movement(mut query: Query<(&mut Ambulatory, &mut Transform)>, tilemap: Res<TileMap>) {
+pub fn movement(
+    mut query: Query<(&mut Ambulatory, &mut Transform)>,
+    tilemap: Res<TileMap>,
+    occupancy: Res<TileOccupancy>,
+) {
     query
         .par_iter_mut()
         .for_each(|(mut ambulatory, mut transform)| {
@@ -528,6 +595,42 @@ pub fn movement(mut query: Query<(&mut Ambulatory, &mut Transform)>, tilemap: Re
             if let Some(path) = &ambulatory.current_path {
                 if ambulatory.path_index < path.len() {
                     let next_point = path[ambulatory.path_index];
+
+                    if ambulatory.collision_delay > 0 {
+                        ambulatory.collision_delay -= 1;
+                        return;
+                    }
+
+                    let current_crowded = occupancy.count_at(transform.translation) > 2;
+                    let occupied = !current_crowded && occupancy.count_at(next_point) > 0;
+                    if occupied {
+                        let move_dir = next_point - transform.translation;
+                        if move_dir.length_squared() > 0.0 {
+                            let left_dir =
+                                Vec3::new(-move_dir.y, move_dir.x, 0.0).normalize() * TILE_SIZE;
+                            let left_raw = transform.translation + left_dir;
+                            let left_point = Vec3::new(
+                                (left_raw.x / TILE_SIZE).round() * TILE_SIZE,
+                                (left_raw.y / TILE_SIZE).round() * TILE_SIZE,
+                                transform.translation.z,
+                            );
+                            let left_free = tilemap.is_standable(left_point.as_ivec3())
+                                && occupancy.count_at(left_point) == 0;
+
+                            if left_free {
+                                if left_dir.x > 0.0 {
+                                    transform.scale.x = PIXEL_RATIO;
+                                } else if left_dir.x < 0.0 {
+                                    transform.scale.x = -PIXEL_RATIO;
+                                }
+                                transform.translation = left_point;
+                                return;
+                            }
+                        }
+                        ambulatory.collision_delay = 1;
+                        return;
+                    }
+
                     let direction = (next_point - transform.translation).normalize();
                     transform.translation = next_point;
 
@@ -542,7 +645,11 @@ pub fn movement(mut query: Query<(&mut Ambulatory, &mut Transform)>, tilemap: Re
                     }
                 } else {
                     ambulatory.current_path = None;
-                    ambulatory.target = None;
+                    if let Some(target) = ambulatory.target {
+                        if transform.translation.distance(target) < TILE_SIZE * 2.0 {
+                            ambulatory.target = None;
+                        }
+                    }
                 }
             }
         });
@@ -575,93 +682,130 @@ fn directional_chunk_waypoint(
     next_chunk: IVec2,
     goal: IVec3,
     tilemap: &TileMap,
-    _rng: &mut WyRand,
-) -> IVec3 {
+    chunk_map: &ChunkMap,
+) -> Option<IVec3> {
+    if !chunk_map.loaded_chunks.contains_key(&next_chunk) {
+        return None;
+    }
+
     let cx = next_chunk.x * CHUNK_SIZE;
     let cy = next_chunk.y * CHUNK_SIZE;
-
-    // Determine entry edge of the destination chunk.
-    // We work in ITILE units so 1 step = one tile of movement.
     let cur_tile = current_pos / ITILE_SIZE;
     let goal_tile = goal / ITILE_SIZE;
     let dir = goal_tile - cur_tile;
+    let straight = goal - current_pos;
 
-    // Edge: X-dominant → top/bottom; Y-dominant → left/right; tie → use Y
-    let (fixed_axis, fixed_tile, var_min, var_max): (bool, i32, i32, i32) =
-        if dir.x.abs() >= dir.y.abs() {
-            // Moving east (+) or west (-)
-            if dir.x >= 0 {
-                (true, cx + CHUNK_SIZE - 1, cy, cy + CHUNK_SIZE - 1) // east edge
-            } else {
-                (true, cx, cy, cy + CHUNK_SIZE - 1) // west edge
-            }
+    let mut candidates = arrayvec::ArrayVec::<IVec3, 16>::new();
+
+    let mut scan_edge = |fixed_axis: bool, fixed_tile: i32, var_min: i32, var_max: i32| {
+        let var_range = var_max - var_min;
+        let step = if var_range <= 0 {
+            1
         } else {
-            // Moving north (+) or south (-)
-            if dir.y >= 0 {
-                (false, cy + CHUNK_SIZE - 1, cx, cx + CHUNK_SIZE - 1) // north edge
-            } else {
-                (false, cy, cx, cx + CHUNK_SIZE - 1) // south edge
-            }
+            (var_range / 7).max(1)
         };
-
-    // Collect up to 8 standable edge tiles.
-    let mut candidates: Vec<IVec3> = Vec::with_capacity(8);
-    let var_range = var_max - var_min;
-    let step = if var_range <= 0 {
-        1
-    } else {
-        (var_range / 7).max(1)
+        let mut var = var_min;
+        while var <= var_max {
+            let (tile_x, tile_y) = if fixed_axis {
+                (fixed_tile, var)
+            } else {
+                (var, fixed_tile)
+            };
+            let world_pos = IVec3::new(
+                tile_x * ITILE_SIZE,
+                tile_y * ITILE_SIZE,
+                cur_tile.z * ITILE_SIZE,
+            );
+            if tilemap.is_standable(world_pos) {
+                candidates.push(world_pos);
+            }
+            var += step;
+        }
     };
 
-    let mut var = var_min;
-    while var <= var_max {
-        let (tile_x, tile_y) = if fixed_axis {
-            (fixed_tile, var)
-        } else {
-            (var, fixed_tile)
-        };
+    let near_diagonal = (dir.x.abs() - dir.y.abs()).abs() < CHUNK_SIZE / 2;
 
-        // Match the z-level of the current tile so we don't jump z-levels here.
-        let world_pos = IVec3::new(
-            tile_x * ITILE_SIZE,
-            tile_y * ITILE_SIZE,
-            cur_tile.z * ITILE_SIZE,
+    if dir.x.abs() >= dir.y.abs() {
+        scan_edge(
+            true,
+            if dir.x >= 0 { cx } else { cx + CHUNK_SIZE - 1 },
+            cy,
+            cy + CHUNK_SIZE - 1,
         );
-        if tilemap.is_standable(world_pos) {
-            candidates.push(world_pos);
-            if candidates.len() >= 8 {
-                break;
-            }
+        if near_diagonal {
+            scan_edge(
+                false,
+                if dir.y >= 0 { cy } else { cy + CHUNK_SIZE - 1 },
+                cx,
+                cx + CHUNK_SIZE - 1,
+            );
+        }
+    } else {
+        scan_edge(
+            false,
+            if dir.y >= 0 { cy } else { cy + CHUNK_SIZE - 1 },
+            cx,
+            cx + CHUNK_SIZE - 1,
+        );
+        if near_diagonal {
+            scan_edge(
+                true,
+                if dir.x >= 0 { cx } else { cx + CHUNK_SIZE - 1 },
+                cy,
+                cy + CHUNK_SIZE - 1,
+            );
         }
-
-        var += step;
     }
 
     if candidates.is_empty() {
-        // Fallback: chunk centre (the old behaviour)
-        IVec3::new(
+        let centre = IVec3::new(
             (cx + CHUNK_SIZE / 2) * ITILE_SIZE,
             (cy + CHUNK_SIZE / 2) * ITILE_SIZE,
             cur_tile.z * ITILE_SIZE,
-        )
+        );
+        if tilemap.is_standable(centre) {
+            return Some(centre);
+        }
+        for lx in 0..CHUNK_SIZE {
+            for ly in 0..CHUNK_SIZE {
+                let p = IVec3::new(
+                    (cx + lx) * ITILE_SIZE,
+                    (cy + ly) * ITILE_SIZE,
+                    cur_tile.z * ITILE_SIZE,
+                );
+                if tilemap.is_standable(p) {
+                    return Some(p);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        None
     } else {
-        // Pick the candidate closest to the straight-line projection.
-        let straight = goal - current_pos;
-        let _straight_len_sq =
-            straight.x * straight.x + straight.y * straight.y + straight.z * straight.z;
-
-        candidates
+        // Find the candidate most aligned with the straight-line direction
+        let best = candidates
             .iter()
-            .min_by(|&&a, &&b| {
+            .enumerate()
+            .max_by(|(_, &a), (_, &b)| {
                 let da = a - current_pos;
                 let db = b - current_pos;
-                // Dot product with straight direction: higher = more aligned
-                let proj_a = (da.x * straight.x + da.y * straight.y + da.z * straight.z) as i64;
-                let proj_b = (db.x * straight.x + db.y * straight.y + db.z * straight.z) as i64;
-                proj_b.cmp(&proj_a)
+                (da.x * straight.x + da.y * straight.y + da.z * straight.z)
+                    .cmp(&(db.x * straight.x + db.y * straight.y + db.z * straight.z))
             })
-            .copied()
-            .unwrap()
+            .map(|(idx, _)| idx)
+            .unwrap_or(0);
+
+        // Spread entities using both their start position AND goal position as entropy.
+        // current_pos varies per entity (each is at a different world position).
+        // goal varies per entity (each has a different random wander target).
+        // Together they produce unique spread values for entities even when
+        // heading through the same chunk, without needing to pass entity ID.
+        let entropy = (cur_tile.x.unsigned_abs() as usize)
+            .wrapping_mul(1619)
+            .wrapping_add((cur_tile.y.unsigned_abs() as usize).wrapping_mul(31337))
+            .wrapping_add((goal_tile.x.unsigned_abs() as usize).wrapping_mul(6271))
+            .wrapping_add((goal_tile.y.unsigned_abs() as usize).wrapping_mul(2053));
+        let spread = entropy % candidates.len();
+        let idx = (best + spread) % candidates.len();
+        Some(candidates[idx])
     }
 }
 
@@ -727,103 +871,6 @@ fn reconstruct_path(came_from: &FxHashMap<IVec3, IVec3>, mut current: IVec3) ->
     path
 }
 
-fn line_of_sight(tilemap: &TileMap, from: IVec3, to: IVec3) -> bool {
-    let dx = (to.x - from.x).abs();
-    let dy = (to.y - from.y).abs();
-    let dz = (to.z - from.z).abs();
-    let sx = if from.x < to.x {
-        1
-    } else if from.x > to.x {
-        -1
-    } else {
-        0
-    };
-    let sy = if from.y < to.y {
-        1
-    } else if from.y > to.y {
-        -1
-    } else {
-        0
-    };
-    let sz = if from.z < to.z {
-        1
-    } else if from.z > to.z {
-        -1
-    } else {
-        0
-    };
-    let mut x = from.x;
-    let mut y = from.y;
-    let mut z = from.z;
-    let mut err_x = dx / 2;
-    let mut err_y = dy / 2;
-    let mut err_z = dz / 2;
-    let mut err = err_x + err_y + err_z;
-    let steps = (dx + dy + dz) as i32;
-    for _ in 0..steps {
-        if !is_standable_tile(tilemap, IVec3::new(x, y, z)) {
-            return false;
-        }
-        if err_x < 0 {
-            x += sx;
-            err_x += dy + dz;
-        } else if err_x >= dx {
-            x -= sx;
-            err_x -= dy + dz;
-        }
-        if err_y < 0 {
-            y += sy;
-            err_y += dx + dz;
-        } else if err_y >= dy {
-            y -= sy;
-            err_y -= dx + dz;
-        }
-        if err_z < 0 {
-            z += sz;
-            err_z += dx + dy;
-        } else if err_z >= dz {
-            z -= sz;
-            err_z -= dx + dy;
-        }
-        if x == to.x && y == to.y && z == to.z {
-            return true;
-        }
-        err = err_x + err_y + err_z;
-    }
-    is_standable_tile(tilemap, to)
-}
-
-fn theta_line_cost(from: IVec3, to: IVec3) -> i32 {
-    let dx = (to.x - from.x).abs() / ITILE_SIZE;
-    let dy = (to.y - from.y).abs() / ITILE_SIZE;
-    let dz = (to.z - from.z).abs() / ITILE_SIZE;
-    let dmax = dx.max(dy).max(dz);
-    let dmid = dx.min(dy).min(dz);
-    let dmin = dx + dy + dz - dmax - dmid;
-    (10 * dmax + 4 * dmid + dmin).max(10)
-}
-
-fn smooth_path(path: &[Vec3], tilemap: &TileMap) -> Vec<Vec3> {
-    if path.len() < 3 {
-        return path.to_vec();
-    }
-    let mut result = Vec::with_capacity(path.len());
-    result.push(path[0]);
-    let mut i = 0;
-    while i < path.len() - 1 {
-        let mut j = path.len() - 1;
-        while j > i + 1 {
-            if line_of_sight(tilemap, path[i].as_ivec3(), path[j].as_ivec3()) {
-                break;
-            }
-            j -= 1;
-        }
-        result.push(path[j]);
-        i = j;
-    }
-    result
-}
-
 pub fn calculate_path_benchmarked(tilemap: &TileMap, start: IVec3, goal: IVec3) -> Vec<Vec3> {
     let timer = Instant::now();
 
@@ -882,10 +929,7 @@ fn calculate_path_with_scratchpad(
             nodes_expanded += 1;
 
             if nodes_expanded > PATHFINDER_MAX_NODES {
-                return (
-                    reconstruct_path(&scratch.came_from, current),
-                    nodes_expanded,
-                );
+                return (Vec::new(), nodes_expanded); // force retarget
             }
 
             if current == goal {
@@ -899,22 +943,6 @@ fn calculate_path_with_scratchpad(
 
             let current_g = *scratch.g_scores.get(&current).unwrap_or(&i32::MAX);
 
-            if let Some(&parent) = scratch.came_from.get(&current) {
-                if scratch.came_from.contains_key(&parent) {
-                    let gp = *scratch.came_from.get(&parent).unwrap();
-                    if line_of_sight(tilemap, gp, current) {
-                        let gp_g = *scratch.g_scores.get(&gp).unwrap_or(&i32::MAX);
-                        let via_gp = gp_g + theta_line_cost(gp, current);
-                        if via_gp < current_g {
-                            scratch.came_from.insert(current, gp);
-                            scratch.g_scores.insert(current, via_gp);
-                        }
-                    }
-                }
-            }
-
-            let current_g_updated = *scratch.g_scores.get(&current).unwrap_or(&i32::MAX);
-
             for &move_dir in &ALLOWED_MOVES {
                 let neighbor_pos = current + move_dir;
 
@@ -930,36 +958,16 @@ fn calculate_path_with_scratchpad(
                     continue;
                 }
 
-                let via_current_g = current_g_updated + movement_cost;
+                let new_g = current_g + movement_cost;
 
-                if let Some(&neighbor_parent) = scratch.came_from.get(&neighbor_pos) {
-                    if scratch.came_from.contains_key(&neighbor_parent) {
-                        let np_g = *scratch.g_scores.get(&neighbor_parent).unwrap_or(&i32::MAX);
-                        if line_of_sight(tilemap, neighbor_parent, neighbor_pos) {
-                            let via_np_gp = np_g + theta_line_cost(neighbor_parent, neighbor_pos);
-                            if via_np_gp < via_current_g {
-                                scratch.came_from.insert(neighbor_pos, neighbor_parent);
-                                scratch.g_scores.insert(neighbor_pos, via_np_gp);
-                                let f = via_np_gp + octile_distance_3d(neighbor_pos, goal);
-                                scratch.open_set.push(PathNode {
-                                    position: neighbor_pos,
-                                    f_score: f,
-                                    g_score: via_np_gp,
-                                });
-                                continue;
-                            }
-                        }
-                    }
-                }
-
-                if via_current_g < *scratch.g_scores.get(&neighbor_pos).unwrap_or(&i32::MAX) {
+                if new_g < *scratch.g_scores.get(&neighbor_pos).unwrap_or(&i32::MAX) {
                     scratch.came_from.insert(neighbor_pos, current);
-                    scratch.g_scores.insert(neighbor_pos, via_current_g);
-                    let f = via_current_g + octile_distance_3d(neighbor_pos, goal);
+                    scratch.g_scores.insert(neighbor_pos, new_g);
+                    let f = new_g + octile_distance_3d(neighbor_pos, goal);
                     scratch.open_set.push(PathNode {
                         position: neighbor_pos,
                         f_score: f,
-                        g_score: via_current_g,
+                        g_score: new_g,
                     });
                 }
             }
@@ -1021,10 +1029,7 @@ pub fn calculate_provisional_path(
             }
 
             if nodes_expanded >= node_limit {
-                return (
-                    reconstruct_path(&scratch.came_from, best_node),
-                    nodes_expanded,
-                );
+                return (Vec::new(), nodes_expanded);
             }
 
             scratch.closed_set.insert(current);
diff --git a/src/main.rs b/src/main.rs
index d7c9c98..ecd3c70 100644
--- a/src/main.rs
+++ b/src/main.rs
@@ -11,6 +11,7 @@ mod camera;
 mod config;
 mod constants;
 mod cursor;
+mod debug;
 mod entities;
 mod game;
 mod system_info;
@@ -67,5 +68,6 @@ fn main() {
             Update,
             item_tile_management_system.after(initialize_item_rotation_state),
         )
+        .add_systems(Update, debug::entity_dump::dump_entity_positions)
         .run();
 }
diff --git a/src/world/generation/forestry.rs b/src/world/generation/forestry.rs
index e5cb370..d69cfac 100644
--- a/src/world/generation/forestry.rs
+++ b/src/world/generation/forestry.rs
@@ -12,8 +12,7 @@ use crate::{
     constants::{SEED, TILE_SIZE},
     world::{
         tiles::{FixtureTileData, TileMap},
-        ChunkForrestryEvent, ChunkMap, ChunkOwner, FixtureTilePrefab, TextureIDs, Textures,
-        VisibleGameEntity,
+        ChunkForrestryEvent, ChunkMap, ChunkOwner, TextureIDs, Textures, VisibleGameEntity,
     },
 };
 
@@ -72,8 +71,12 @@ pub fn generate_chunk_forrestry(
                                     continue;
                                 }
 
-                                let trunk_entity =
-                                    FixtureTilePrefab::log(trunk_pos).spawn(&mut commands);
+                                let trunk_entity = commands
+                                    .spawn((
+                                        Transform::from_translation(trunk_pos),
+                                        Visibility::Hidden,
+                                    ))
+                                    .id();
                                 tree_positions.push(trunk_pos);
                                 commands
                                     .entity(trunk_entity)
@@ -136,7 +139,6 @@ pub fn generate_chunk_forrestry(
                                             * (1.0 + (rng.random::<f32>() * 0.35 - 0.1));
 
                                         if x_f * x_f + y_f * y_f + z_f * z_f <= radius * radius {
-                                            FixtureTilePrefab::leaves(pos).spawn(&mut commands);
                                             if let Some(texture_id) = texture_ids.refs.get(&500005)
                                             {
                                                 if let Some(texture) =
@@ -166,7 +168,7 @@ pub fn generate_chunk_forrestry(
                                                         (
                                                             ivec,
                                                             FixtureTileData::new(
-                                                                5, false, true, [0; 8],
+                                                                5, true, false, [0; 8],
                                                             ),
                                                         ),
                                                     );
diff --git a/src/world/generation/terrain.rs b/src/world/generation/terrain.rs
index ed91ba2..2257c31 100644
--- a/src/world/generation/terrain.rs
+++ b/src/world/generation/terrain.rs
@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ use crate::{
     constants::{SEED, TILE_SIZE},
     world::{
         tiles::{ChunkData, FloorTileData, TileMap},
-        ChunkForrestryEvent, ChunkMap, ChunkTerrainEvent, FloorTilePrefab, TileOcclusionEvent,
+        ChunkForrestryEvent, ChunkMap, ChunkTerrainEvent, TileOcclusionEvent,
         CHUNK_SIZE, Z_ABOVE, Z_BELOW,
     },
 };
@@ -47,7 +47,6 @@ pub struct TerrainBlob {
     pub chunk_data: ChunkData,
     pub tile_updates: Vec<(IVec3, FloorTileData)>,
     pub surface_positions: Vec<(Vec3, String)>,
-    pub tile_spawns: Vec<(Vec3, FloorTilePrefab)>,
 }
 
 pub fn generate_surface_terrain(x: i32, y: i32) -> f32 {
@@ -75,7 +74,6 @@ fn generate_terrain_blob(chunk_pos: IVec2) -> TerrainBlob {
     let mut chunk_data = ChunkData::new(chunk_pos);
     let mut tile_updates: Vec<(IVec3, FloorTileData)> = Vec::new();
     let mut surface_positions: Vec<(Vec3, String)> = Vec::new();
-    let mut tile_spawns: Vec<(Vec3, FloorTilePrefab)> = Vec::new();
 
     for local_y in 0..CHUNK_SIZE {
         for local_x in 0..CHUNK_SIZE {
@@ -107,7 +105,6 @@ fn generate_terrain_blob(chunk_pos: IVec2) -> TerrainBlob {
                     ]);
                     if cave_value < -0.75 {
                         let tile = registry.floor("air");
-                        tile_spawns.push((position, FloorTilePrefab::air(position)));
                         tile_updates.push((
                             pos_ivec,
                             FloorTileData::new(
@@ -130,7 +127,6 @@ fn generate_terrain_blob(chunk_pos: IVec2) -> TerrainBlob {
                         );
                     } else if cave_value < 0.8 {
                         let tile = registry.floor("rock");
-                        tile_spawns.push((position, FloorTilePrefab::rock(position)));
                         tile_updates.push((
                             pos_ivec,
                             FloorTileData::new(
@@ -153,7 +149,6 @@ fn generate_terrain_blob(chunk_pos: IVec2) -> TerrainBlob {
                         );
                     } else {
                         let tile = registry.floor("dirt");
-                        tile_spawns.push((position, FloorTilePrefab::dirt(position)));
                         tile_updates.push((
                             pos_ivec,
                             FloorTileData::new(
@@ -178,7 +173,6 @@ fn generate_terrain_blob(chunk_pos: IVec2) -> TerrainBlob {
                 } else if noise_position.z > position.z {
                     if surface_height <= position.z + TILE_SIZE {
                         let tile = registry.floor("grass");
-                        tile_spawns.push((position, FloorTilePrefab::grass(position)));
                         tile_updates.push((
                             pos_ivec,
                             FloorTileData::new(
@@ -202,7 +196,6 @@ fn generate_terrain_blob(chunk_pos: IVec2) -> TerrainBlob {
                         surface_positions.push((position, "grass".to_string()));
                     } else {
                         let tile = registry.floor("dirt");
-                        tile_spawns.push((position, FloorTilePrefab::dirt(position)));
                         tile_updates.push((
                             pos_ivec,
                             FloorTileData::new(
@@ -226,7 +219,6 @@ fn generate_terrain_blob(chunk_pos: IVec2) -> TerrainBlob {
                     }
                 } else {
                     let tile = registry.floor("air");
-                    tile_spawns.push((position, FloorTilePrefab::air(position)));
                     tile_updates.push((
                         pos_ivec,
                         FloorTileData::new(
@@ -257,7 +249,6 @@ fn generate_terrain_blob(chunk_pos: IVec2) -> TerrainBlob {
         chunk_data,
         tile_updates,
         surface_positions,
-        tile_spawns,
     }
 }
 
diff --git a/src/world/mod.rs b/src/world/mod.rs
index 4be608b..0c74ab8 100644
--- a/src/world/mod.rs
+++ b/src/world/mod.rs
@@ -2,8 +2,8 @@ use crate::{
     camera,
     config::{GameConfig, VsyncMode},
     world::generation::{
-        generate_chunk_fauna, generate_chunk_foliage, generate_chunk_forrestry,
-        generate_chunk_weathering_and_precipitation, apply_terrain_blobs, spawn_terrain_tasks,
+        apply_terrain_blobs, generate_chunk_fauna, generate_chunk_foliage,
+        generate_chunk_forrestry, generate_chunk_weathering_and_precipitation, spawn_terrain_tasks,
         TerrainBlobStorage,
     },
 };
@@ -16,12 +16,9 @@ pub mod tiles;
 
 pub use chunks::management::*;
 pub use textures::management::*;
-pub use tiles::{prefabs::*, rendering::*, visibility::*};
+pub use tiles::{rendering::*, visibility::*};
 
-pub fn apply_vsync_setting(
-    config: Res<GameConfig>,
-    mut windows: Query<&mut Window>,
-) {
+pub fn apply_vsync_setting(config: Res<GameConfig>, mut windows: Query<&mut Window>) {
     if config.is_changed() {
         if let Ok(mut window) = windows.single_mut() {
             window.present_mode = match config.display.vsync {
diff --git a/src/world/tiles/benchmark.rs b/src/world/tiles/benchmark.rs
index 8541a71..024fe09 100644
--- a/src/world/tiles/benchmark.rs
+++ b/src/world/tiles/benchmark.rs
@@ -151,14 +151,10 @@ impl TilemapBenchmark {
 }
 
 /// Runs every frame — samples entity counts and frame timing.
-pub fn track_benchmark(
-    mut bench: ResMut<TilemapBenchmark>,
-    time: Res<Time>,
-    floor_tiles: Query<(), With<super::FloorTile>>,
-) {
+pub fn track_benchmark(mut bench: ResMut<TilemapBenchmark>, time: Res<Time>) {
     bench.frame_count += 1;
     bench.frame_times.push(time.delta());
-    bench.floor_tile_count = floor_tiles.iter().count() as u32;
+    bench.floor_tile_count = 0;
 
     // Trim rolling window to last 300 frames for p99 calculation
     if bench.frame_times.len() > 300 {
diff --git a/src/world/tiles/mod.rs b/src/world/tiles/mod.rs
index 346d8c6..6748da9 100644
--- a/src/world/tiles/mod.rs
+++ b/src/world/tiles/mod.rs
@@ -1,7 +1,5 @@
 pub mod benchmark;
 pub mod chunk_data;
-pub mod components;
-pub mod prefabs;
 pub mod rendering;
 pub mod tilemap;
 pub mod tilemap_chunk;
@@ -9,8 +7,6 @@ pub mod visibility;
 
 pub use benchmark::*;
 pub use chunk_data::*;
-pub use components::*;
-pub use prefabs::*;
 pub use tilemap::*;
 pub use tilemap_chunk::*;
 pub use visibility::*;
diff --git a/src/world/tiles/prefabs.rs b/src/world/tiles/prefabs.rs
index 28c989f..781ba26 100644
--- a/src/world/tiles/prefabs.rs
+++ b/src/world/tiles/prefabs.rs
@@ -1,195 +1,4 @@
-use bevy::prelude::*;
-
-use crate::{
-    config::TileRegistry,
-    world::{
-        tiles::{FixtureTile, FloorTile, TileState},
-        FIXTURE_ID_OFFSET,
-    },
-};
-
-#[derive(Bundle)]
-pub struct FloorTilePrefab {
-    transform: Transform,
-    tile: FloorTile,
-    tile_state: TileState,
-    visibility: Visibility,
-}
-
-impl FloorTilePrefab {
-    pub fn grass(position: Vec3) -> Self {
-        let def = TileRegistry::global().floor("grass");
-        FloorTilePrefab {
-            transform: Transform::from_translation(position),
-            tile: FloorTile {
-                id: def.id as u32,
-                opaque: !def.transparent,
-                walkable: def.can_stand_on,
-                astar_weight: def.astar_weight,
-                visible_range: [0; 8],
-            },
-            tile_state: TileState {
-                timer: Timer::from_seconds(1.0, TimerMode::Repeating),
-            },
-            visibility: Visibility::Hidden,
-        }
-    }
-
-    pub fn dirt(position: Vec3) -> Self {
-        let def = TileRegistry::global().floor("dirt");
-        FloorTilePrefab {
-            transform: Transform::from_translation(position),
-            tile: FloorTile {
-                id: def.id as u32,
-                opaque: !def.transparent,
-                walkable: def.can_stand_on,
-                astar_weight: def.astar_weight,
-                visible_range: [0; 8],
-            },
-            tile_state: TileState {
-                timer: Timer::from_seconds(1.0, TimerMode::Repeating),
-            },
-            visibility: Visibility::Hidden,
-        }
-    }
-
-    pub fn rock(position: Vec3) -> Self {
-        let def = TileRegistry::global().floor("rock");
-        FloorTilePrefab {
-            transform: Transform::from_translation(position),
-            tile: FloorTile {
-                id: def.id as u32,
-                opaque: !def.transparent,
-                walkable: def.can_stand_on,
-                astar_weight: def.astar_weight,
-                visible_range: [0; 8],
-            },
-            tile_state: TileState {
-                timer: Timer::from_seconds(1.0, TimerMode::Repeating),
-            },
-            visibility: Visibility::Hidden,
-        }
-    }
-
-    pub fn air(position: Vec3) -> Self {
-        let def = TileRegistry::global().floor("air");
-        FloorTilePrefab {
-            transform: Transform::from_translation(position),
-            tile: FloorTile {
-                id: def.id as u32,
-                opaque: !def.transparent,
-                walkable: def.can_stand_on,
-                astar_weight: def.astar_weight,
-                visible_range: [0; 8],
-            },
-            tile_state: TileState {
-                timer: Timer::from_seconds(1.0, TimerMode::Repeating),
-            },
-            visibility: Visibility::Hidden,
-        }
-    }
-
-    pub fn bedrock(position: Vec3) -> Self {
-        let def = TileRegistry::global().floor("bedrock");
-        FloorTilePrefab {
-            transform: Transform::from_translation(position),
-            tile: FloorTile {
-                id: def.id as u32,
-                opaque: !def.transparent,
-                walkable: def.can_stand_on,
-                astar_weight: def.astar_weight,
-                visible_range: [0; 8],
-            },
-            tile_state: TileState {
-                timer: Timer::from_seconds(1.0, TimerMode::Repeating),
-            },
-            visibility: Visibility::Hidden,
-        }
-    }
-
-    pub fn spawn(self, commands: &mut Commands) -> Entity {
-        commands
-            .spawn((self.tile, self.transform, self.tile_state, self.visibility))
-            .id()
-    }
-}
-
-#[derive(Bundle)]
-pub struct FixtureTilePrefab {
-    transform: Transform,
-    tile: FixtureTile,
-    visibility: Visibility,
-}
-
-impl FixtureTilePrefab {
-    pub fn dirt_wall(position: Vec3) -> Self {
-        let def = TileRegistry::global().fixture("dirt_wall");
-        FixtureTilePrefab {
-            transform: Transform::from_translation(position),
-            tile: FixtureTile {
-                id: FIXTURE_ID_OFFSET + def.id,
-                solid: def.solid,
-                visible_range: [0; 8],
-            },
-            visibility: Visibility::Hidden,
-        }
-    }
-
-    pub fn rock_wall(position: Vec3) -> Self {
-        let def = TileRegistry::global().fixture("rock_wall");
-        FixtureTilePrefab {
-            transform: Transform::from_translation(position),
-            tile: FixtureTile {
-                id: FIXTURE_ID_OFFSET + def.id,
-                solid: def.solid,
-                visible_range: [0; 8],
-            },
-            visibility: Visibility::Hidden,
-        }
-    }
-
-    pub fn log(position: Vec3) -> Self {
-        let def = TileRegistry::global().fixture("log");
-        FixtureTilePrefab {
-            transform: Transform::from_translation(position),
-            tile: FixtureTile {
-                id: FIXTURE_ID_OFFSET + def.id,
-                solid: def.solid,
-                visible_range: [0; 8],
-            },
-            visibility: Visibility::Hidden,
-        }
-    }
-
-    pub fn leaves(position: Vec3) -> Self {
-        let def = TileRegistry::global().fixture("leaves");
-        FixtureTilePrefab {
-            transform: Transform::from_translation(position),
-            tile: FixtureTile {
-                id: FIXTURE_ID_OFFSET + def.id,
-                solid: def.solid,
-                visible_range: [0; 8],
-            },
-            visibility: Visibility::Hidden,
-        }
-    }
-
-    pub fn bedrock_wall(position: Vec3) -> Self {
-        let def = TileRegistry::global().fixture("bedrock_wall");
-        FixtureTilePrefab {
-            transform: Transform::from_translation(position),
-            tile: FixtureTile {
-                id: FIXTURE_ID_OFFSET + def.id,
-                solid: def.solid,
-                visible_range: [0; 8],
-            },
-            visibility: Visibility::Hidden,
-        }
-    }
-
-    pub fn spawn(self, commands: &mut Commands) -> Entity {
-        commands
-            .spawn((self.tile, self.transform, self.visibility))
-            .id()
-    }
-}
+// Prefab types (FloorTilePrefab, FixtureTilePrefab) were deleted — they were
+// entirely dead code. FloorTile and FixtureTile ECS components (in the former
+// components.rs) were also never read. The TileMap + ChunkData bitsets are the
+// sole source of truth for standability.
diff --git a/src/world/tiles/tilemap.rs b/src/world/tiles/tilemap.rs
index 5d31e40..95c012f 100644
--- a/src/world/tiles/tilemap.rs
+++ b/src/world/tiles/tilemap.rs
@@ -237,6 +237,24 @@ impl TileMap {
             .unwrap_or(100)
     }
 
+    /// Remove a fixture tile, clearing both the HashMap entry and ChunkData bitsets.
+    /// BOTH must be cleared — leaving ChunkData stale causes is_standable bugs.
+    pub fn remove_fixture(&mut self, pos: &IVec3) -> Option<FixtureTileData> {
+        use super::chunk_data::ChunkData;
+
+        let removed = self.fixture_tiles.remove(pos);
+        let chunk_pos = world_to_chunk(*pos);
+        if let Some(chunk) = self.chunks.get_mut(&chunk_pos) {
+            let (lx, ly, z) = ChunkData::world_to_local(*pos);
+            let idx = ChunkData::pos_to_index(lx, ly, z);
+            let word = idx / 32;
+            let clear_mask = !(1u32 << (idx % 32));
+            chunk.stand_in_fixture[word] &= clear_mask;
+            chunk.stand_on_fixture[word] &= clear_mask;
+        }
+        removed
+    }
+
     /// Remove all tile data for a specific chunk from the TileMap.
     /// Iterates all positions in the chunk volume and removes from HashMaps.
     /// Used during chunk unloading to clean up tile data.
diff --git a/src/world/tiles/tilemap_chunk.rs b/src/world/tiles/tilemap_chunk.rs
index 1140c26..1ffb0e0 100644
--- a/src/world/tiles/tilemap_chunk.rs
+++ b/src/world/tiles/tilemap_chunk.rs
@@ -280,7 +280,7 @@ pub fn spawn_tilemap_chunks(
         let half_chunk = (CHUNK_SIZE_TILE as f32) / 2.0 - TILE_SIZE / 2.0;
         let world_x = (key.chunk_pos.x as f32) * (CHUNK_SIZE_TILE as f32) + half_chunk;
         let world_y = (key.chunk_pos.y as f32) * (CHUNK_SIZE_TILE as f32) + half_chunk;
-        let z_depth = -(Z_BELOW - key.z_index as f32) * TILE_SIZE;
+        let z_depth = (key.z_index as f32 - Z_BELOW) * TILE_SIZE;
 
         let visible = z_diff >= 0 && z_diff <= 8;