fix: rate-limit per-IP keying + dev no-op, admin 2FA recovery, 2FA account UI, admin modals, tip totals

Rate limiting (backend):
- RateLimit/ProgressiveRateLimit now derive the per-client key from
  CF-Connecting-IP, then chi's GetClientIP (the X-Real-IP value nginx sets at
  main.go:323), then RemoteAddr. Previously only CF-Connecting-IP/RemoteAddr
  were used, so behind the Docker nginx every client shared ONE bucket per
  limiter — 10 logins/min site-wide blocked all users (the reported
  'Error: Rate limit exceeded' after seeding was the login 10/min bucket
  tripped by the seed's 11 logins, all keyed 127.0.0.1 in dev).
- Real implementation is now //go:build !dev || test; new
  mw/ratelimit_dev.go (//go:build dev && !test) is a no-op passthrough, so
  'go run -tags dev' (the dev harness) never rate-limits dev/seeding traffic,
  while production and tests (-tags test,dev) keep the real limiter. The docs
  (Technical Manual) already claimed dev no-op behaviour — the code now
  matches. NewProgressiveRateLimiter is provided in the no-op build because
  tag-free ratelimit_shared.go:104 initializes the global at package init.

Admin 2FA management (backend):
- users.two_factor_last_used_at TIMESTAMPTZ column (init-script, fresh-DB).
- AdminUserDetail now returns twoFactorEnabled/twoFactorMethod/
  twoFactorLastUsedAt.
- New POST /api/admin/users/{id}/2fa/remove (admin-only): clears all 5 2FA
  columns + drops the user's in-memory attempt/lockout state — an admin
  recovery path when a user loses 2FA access.
- two_factor_last_used_at updated on every successful 2FA verification.

Account page (/account):
- 2FA section moved under the Notifications heading, visible to all roles;
  Email/SMS toggles (Notifications styling) acting as a radio group with
  'none' state; Apply button only when the selection differs from saved;
  unselecting shows a payment-rules warning dialog; the dev-comment
  '2FA is optional right now (REQUIRE_2FA is off)' and the 'Dev code:' debug
  line are removed.
- Cards tab hidden from admin role.

Admin modals:
- User Details modal: new 'Two-Factor Authentication' section above Patch
  Tests showing Enabled/Disabled, method, last-used timestamp, and a Remove
  2FA button with a confirmation dialog (POST to the admin endpoint, refetch
  on success).
- Booking Details modal: the customer's name now links to their User Details
  modal (optional openUserModal prop threaded through admin/+page and
  today/+page; other call sites unaffected).

Take Payment + /today:
- PaymentModal shows pre-tip (netTotal) and post-tip (totalWithTip) totals
  with a tip-amount delta row only when a tip is selected; zero-tip flow
  unchanged.
- The /today Payment button is hidden unless the booking is in_progress or
  completed, matching the backend gate (was shown for confirmed/pending
  bookings, producing the 'Booking must be in_progress or completed' error).

Verification: go test -tags test,dev -count=1 -parallel 8 ./... (20/20 ok
incl. new admin 2FA tests + mw tests), go build ./... and -tags dev both
compile, go vet clean, svelte-check 0 errors 0 warnings, env-docs gate OK,
docker compose config valid.

backend/handlers/user/admin_twofa_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,193 @@
+//go:build test
+
+package user
+
+// Tests for admin 2FA management: the 2FA fields exposed by
+// GET /api/admin/users/{id} (AdminUserDetail) and the admin-only recovery route
+// POST /api/admin/users/{id}/2fa/remove (AdminRemoveUser2FAHandler), plus the
+// two_factor_last_used_at stamping on successful verification. Sequential only
+// (no t.Parallel): the enforced-mode test flips process-global env vars, and
+// the package shares db.Conn state.
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"database/sql"
+	"encoding/json"
+	"net/http"
+	"net/http/httptest"
+	"testing"
+	"time"
+
+	"crussell/clock"
+	"crussell/db"
+	"crussell/mw"
+	"crussell/testutils"
+	"crussell/testutils/fixtures"
+
+	"github.com/go-chi/chi/v5"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+)
+
+// makeAdmin2FARequest builds a request with the given role in context (admin
+// for the happy paths, verified_email for the RequireAdmin gate test) and the
+// {id} route param parsed from the path (extractAdminUserID, from
+// admin_handlers_test.go).
+func makeAdmin2FARequest(handler http.Handler, method, path, role string, ctx context.Context) *httptest.ResponseRecorder {
+	req := httptest.NewRequest(method, path, nil)
+	rctx := chi.NewRouteContext()
+	if id, ok := extractAdminUserID(path); ok {
+		rctx.URLParams.Add("id", id)
+	}
+	ctx = context.WithValue(ctx, chi.RouteCtxKey, rctx)
+	ctx = context.WithValue(ctx, mw.UserIDKey, "admin-test-id")
+	ctx = context.WithValue(ctx, mw.UserRoleKey, role)
+	req = req.WithContext(ctx)
+	w := httptest.NewRecorder()
+	handler.ServeHTTP(w, req)
+	return w
+}
+
+// seedUser2FATurnedOn enables 2FA for a user with a method, a pending code, and
+// a last-used stamp so admin view/remove tests start from a fully-populated row.
+func seedUser2FATurnedOn(t *testing.T, ctx context.Context, q db.Querier, userID string) {
+	t.Helper()
+	_, err := q.Exec(ctx, `
+		UPDATE users
+		SET two_factor_enabled = true,
+			two_factor_method = 'sms',
+			two_factor_pending_code_hash = 'abcdef',
+			two_factor_pending_code_expires = $2,
+			two_factor_last_used_at = $3
+		WHERE id = $1
+	`, userID, clock.Now().Add(5*time.Minute), clock.Now().Add(-24*time.Hour))
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+}
+
+// TestAdminUsers_Get_IncludesTwoFAState verifies GET /api/admin/users/{id}
+// exposes two_factor_enabled, two_factor_method and two_factor_last_used_at.
+func TestAdminUsers_Get_IncludesTwoFAState(t *testing.T) {
+	ctx, tx := testutils.SetupTestTx(t)
+	userID, err := fixtures.CreateTestUser(tx)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	seedUser2FATurnedOn(t, ctx, tx, userID)
+
+	handler := http.HandlerFunc(GetAdminUserHandler)
+	w := makeAdmin2FARequest(handler, http.MethodGet, "/api/admin/users/"+userID, "admin", ctx)
+	require.Equal(t, http.StatusOK, w.Code)
+
+	var resp map[string]any
+	require.NoError(t, json.Unmarshal(w.Body.Bytes(), &resp))
+	require.Equal(t, true, resp["twoFactorEnabled"])
+	require.Equal(t, "sms", resp["twoFactorMethod"])
+	lastUsed, ok := resp["twoFactorLastUsedAt"].(string)
+	require.True(t, ok, "twoFactorLastUsedAt should serialize as a string")
+	require.NotEmpty(t, lastUsed)
+}
+
+// TestAdminUsers_Get_TwoFADisabledIsFalse verifies the 2FA fields serialize
+// sanely for a user who never enabled 2FA (false, nil method/last-used).
+func TestAdminUsers_Get_TwoFADisabledIsFalse(t *testing.T) {
+	ctx, tx := testutils.SetupTestTx(t)
+	userID, err := fixtures.CreateTestUser(tx)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	handler := http.HandlerFunc(GetAdminUserHandler)
+	w := makeAdmin2FARequest(handler, http.MethodGet, "/api/admin/users/"+userID, "admin", ctx)
+	require.Equal(t, http.StatusOK, w.Code)
+
+	var resp map[string]any
+	require.NoError(t, json.Unmarshal(w.Body.Bytes(), &resp))
+	require.Equal(t, false, resp["twoFactorEnabled"])
+	_, hasMethod := resp["twoFactorMethod"]
+	require.False(t, hasMethod, "twoFactorMethod should be omitted when nil")
+	_, hasLastUsed := resp["twoFactorLastUsedAt"]
+	require.False(t, hasLastUsed, "twoFactorLastUsedAt should be omitted when nil")
+}
+
+// TestAdminUsers_Remove2FA_ClearsAllColumns verifies the admin recovery route
+// clears the enabled flag, method, pending code fields and last-used stamp.
+func TestAdminUsers_Remove2FA_ClearsAllColumns(t *testing.T) {
+	ctx, tx := testutils.SetupTestTx(t)
+	userID, err := fixtures.CreateTestUser(tx)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	seedUser2FATurnedOn(t, ctx, tx, userID)
+
+	handler := http.HandlerFunc(AdminRemoveUser2FAHandler)
+	w := makeAdmin2FARequest(handler, http.MethodPost, "/api/admin/users/"+userID+"/2fa/remove", "admin", ctx)
+	require.Equal(t, http.StatusOK, w.Code)
+
+	var enabled bool
+	var method, pendingHash sql.NullString
+	var pendingExpires, lastUsed sql.NullTime
+	err = tx.QueryRow(ctx, `
+		SELECT two_factor_enabled, two_factor_method, two_factor_pending_code_hash,
+		       two_factor_pending_code_expires, two_factor_last_used_at
+		FROM users WHERE id = $1
+	`, userID).Scan(&enabled, &method, &pendingHash, &pendingExpires, &lastUsed)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.False(t, enabled, "two_factor_enabled should be false after admin removal")
+	require.False(t, method.Valid, "two_factor_method should be NULL after admin removal")
+	require.False(t, pendingHash.Valid, "two_factor_pending_code_hash should be NULL after admin removal")
+	require.False(t, pendingExpires.Valid, "two_factor_pending_code_expires should be NULL after admin removal")
+	require.False(t, lastUsed.Valid, "two_factor_last_used_at should be NULL after admin removal")
+}
+
+// TestAdminUsers_Remove2FA_UnknownUser_NotFound verifies a valid-format ID that
+// matches no user row returns 404.
+func TestAdminUsers_Remove2FA_UnknownUser_NotFound(t *testing.T) {
+	ctx, _ := testutils.SetupTestTx(t)
+
+	handler := http.HandlerFunc(AdminRemoveUser2FAHandler)
+	w := makeAdmin2FARequest(handler, http.MethodPost, "/api/admin/users/000000000000/2fa/remove", "admin", ctx)
+	require.Equal(t, http.StatusNotFound, w.Code)
+}
+
+// TestAdminUsers_Remove2FA_InvalidID_NotFound verifies a malformed ID is
+// rejected before any query runs.
+func TestAdminUsers_Remove2FA_InvalidID_NotFound(t *testing.T) {
+	ctx, _ := testutils.SetupTestTx(t)
+
+	handler := http.HandlerFunc(AdminRemoveUser2FAHandler)
+	w := makeAdmin2FARequest(handler, http.MethodPost, "/api/admin/users/nothex/2fa/remove", "admin", ctx)
+	require.Equal(t, http.StatusNotFound, w.Code)
+}
+
+// TestAdminUsers_Remove2FA_NonAdmin_Forbidden verifies the route is admin-gated:
+// a non-admin role gets 403 from RequireAdmin before the handler runs.
+func TestAdminUsers_Remove2FA_NonAdmin_Forbidden(t *testing.T) {
+	ctx, tx := testutils.SetupTestTx(t)
+	userID, err := fixtures.CreateTestUser(tx)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	seedUser2FATurnedOn(t, ctx, tx, userID)
+
+	handler := mw.RequireAdmin(http.HandlerFunc(AdminRemoveUser2FAHandler))
+	w := makeAdmin2FARequest(handler, http.MethodPost, "/api/admin/users/"+userID+"/2fa/remove", "verified_email", ctx)
+	require.Equal(t, http.StatusForbidden, w.Code)
+
+	// The user's 2FA must be untouched by the rejected request.
+	var enabled bool
+	err = tx.QueryRow(ctx, `SELECT two_factor_enabled FROM users WHERE id = $1`, userID).Scan(&enabled)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.True(t, enabled, "2FA should remain enabled after a 403")
+}
+
+// TestTwoFAVerify_Enforced_UpdatesLastUsedAt verifies a successful enforced-mode
+// code check stamps two_factor_last_used_at.
+func TestTwoFAVerify_Enforced_UpdatesLastUsedAt(t *testing.T) {
+	twofaEnvEnforced(t)
+	ctx, tx := testutils.SetupTestTx(t)
+	userID, err := fixtures.CreateTestUser(tx)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	seedPendingTwoFA(t, ctx, tx, userID, "123456")
+
+	w := performUser2FARequest(t, VerifyTwoFAHandler, ctx, http.MethodPost, "/api/user/2fa/verify", TwoFAVerifyRequest{Code: "123456"}, userID)
+	require.Equal(t, http.StatusOK, w.Code)
+
+	var enabled bool
+	var lastUsed sql.NullTime
+	err = tx.QueryRow(ctx, `SELECT two_factor_enabled, two_factor_last_used_at FROM users WHERE id = $1`, userID).Scan(&enabled, &lastUsed)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.True(t, enabled)
+	require.True(t, lastUsed.Valid, "two_factor_last_used_at should be set after a successful verify")
+}

backend/handlers/user/profile.go

@@ -112,6 +112,11 @@ type AdminUserDetail struct {
 	// Name change history
 	PreviousFirstName *string `json:"previousFirstName,omitempty"`
 	PreviousLastName  *string `json:"previousLastName,omitempty"`
+
+	// Two-factor authentication state (admin recovery view)
+	TwoFactorEnabled    bool    `json:"twoFactorEnabled"`
+	TwoFactorMethod     *string `json:"twoFactorMethod,omitempty"`
+	TwoFactorLastUsedAt *string `json:"twoFactorLastUsedAt,omitempty"`
 }
 
 type SocialLogin struct {
@@ -420,7 +425,8 @@ func GetAdminUserHandler(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
 			privacy_policy_and_terms_consent,
 			policy_consent_updated_at::text,
 			data_retention_consent,
-			data_consent_updated_at::text
+			data_consent_updated_at::text,
+			two_factor_enabled, two_factor_method, two_factor_last_used_at::text
 		FROM users
 		WHERE id = $1
 	`, userID).Scan(
@@ -430,6 +436,7 @@ func GetAdminUserHandler(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
 		&user.LastLoginAt, &user.CreatedAt, &user.UpdatedAt, &user.Notes,
 		&user.PrivacyPolicyConsent, &user.PolicyConsentUpdatedAt,
 		&user.DataRetentionConsent, &user.DataConsentUpdatedAt,
+		&user.TwoFactorEnabled, &user.TwoFactorMethod, &user.TwoFactorLastUsedAt,
 	)
 
 	if err != nil {

backend/handlers/user/twofa.go

@@ -21,7 +21,10 @@ import (
 	"crussell/clock"
 	"crussell/db"
 	"crussell/handlers/payments"
+	"crussell/internal/validators"
 	"crussell/mw"
+
+	"github.com/go-chi/chi/v5"
 )
 
 // twoFARequired reports whether 2FA enforcement is active in this deployment.
@@ -544,14 +547,17 @@ func VerifyTwoFAHandler(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
 	writeTwoFAEnabled(w)
 }
 
-// enableTwoFA persists two_factor_enabled=true and clears the pending code
-// fields (the method was set during setup).
+// enableTwoFA persists two_factor_enabled=true, records the last successful
+// verification in two_factor_last_used_at, and clears the pending code fields
+// (the method was set during setup). The last-used stamp is written here so it
+// covers both the enforced verify path and the dev bypass.
 func enableTwoFA(r *http.Request, userID string) error {
 	_, err := db.Conn.Exec(r.Context(), `
 		UPDATE users
 		SET two_factor_enabled = true,
 			two_factor_pending_code_hash = NULL,
-			two_factor_pending_code_expires = NULL
+			two_factor_pending_code_expires = NULL,
+			two_factor_last_used_at = NOW()
 		WHERE id = $1
 	`, userID)
 	return err
@@ -714,3 +720,60 @@ func disableTwoFA(r *http.Request, userID string) error {
 	`, userID)
 	return err
 }
+
+// twoFADeleteAttempts removes a user's attempt-map entry entirely, unlike
+// twoFAResetAttempts which only zeroes the count in place. The admin 2FA
+// removal flow uses it so any lingering lockout/counter/mint-cooldown state is
+// dropped wholesale and a re-setup starts from a clean slate.
+func twoFADeleteAttempts(userID string) {
+	twoFAAttemptMapMu.Lock()
+	defer twoFAAttemptMapMu.Unlock()
+	delete(twoFAAttemptMap, userID)
+}
+
+// removeUser2FA clears all 2FA state for a user: the enabled flag, method,
+// pending code fields, and the last-used timestamp. It reports whether a user
+// row was actually affected (false means the user does not exist).
+func removeUser2FA(r *http.Request, userID string) (bool, error) {
+	tag, err := db.Conn.Exec(r.Context(), `
+		UPDATE users
+		SET two_factor_enabled = false,
+			two_factor_method = NULL,
+			two_factor_pending_code_hash = NULL,
+			two_factor_pending_code_expires = NULL,
+			two_factor_last_used_at = NULL
+		WHERE id = $1
+	`, userID)
+	if err != nil {
+		return false, err
+	}
+	return tag.RowsAffected() > 0, nil
+}
+
+// POST /api/admin/users/{id}/2fa/remove
+// Admin-only recovery route for when a user loses access to their 2FA device:
+// forcibly disables the user's 2FA without requiring their code (bypassing the
+// user-facing disable flow's re-verification). The route is mounted inside the
+// admin-gated /admin/users group so RequireAdmin runs first. Mirrors
+// disableTwoFA's column clearing plus two_factor_last_used_at, and drops the
+// user's in-memory attempt/lockout state. A log line records the admin action.
+func AdminRemoveUser2FAHandler(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+	userID := chi.URLParam(r, "id")
+	if userID == "" || !validators.IsValidID(userID) {
+		http.Error(w, "user not found", http.StatusNotFound)
+		return
+	}
+	affected, err := removeUser2FA(r, userID)
+	if err != nil {
+		log.Printf("failed to remove 2FA for user %s: %v", userID, err)
+		http.Error(w, "server error", http.StatusInternalServerError)
+		return
+	}
+	if !affected {
+		http.Error(w, "user not found", http.StatusNotFound)
+		return
+	}
+	twoFADeleteAttempts(userID)
+	log.Printf("[2FA] admin removed 2FA for user %s", userID)
+	w.WriteHeader(http.StatusOK)
+}

backend/main.go

@@ -586,6 +586,7 @@ func main() {
 				r.Post("/{id}/patch-tests", user.AddPatchTestHandler)
 				r.Get("/{id}/giftcard-balance", payments.GetUserGiftCardBalanceAdmin)
 				r.Get("/{id}/payment-methods", payments.AdminGetUserPaymentMethods)
+				r.Post("/{id}/2fa/remove", user.AdminRemoveUser2FAHandler)
 			})
 
 			r.Route("/admin/today", func(r chi.Router) {

backend/mw/ratelimit.go

@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+//go:build !dev || test
+
 package mw
 
 import (
@@ -6,6 +8,8 @@ import (
 	"net"
 	"net/http"
 	"time"
+
+	"github.com/go-chi/chi/v5/middleware"
 )
 
 func NewRateLimiter(limit int, window time.Duration) *RateLimiter {
@@ -103,13 +107,7 @@ func (prl *ProgressiveRateLimiter) Check(ip string) (delayMs int) {
 
 func ProgressiveRateLimit(next http.Handler) http.Handler {
 	return http.HandlerFunc(func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
-		ip := r.Header.Get("CF-Connecting-IP")
-		if ip == "" {
-			ip, _, _ = net.SplitHostPort(r.RemoteAddr)
-			if ip == "" {
-				ip = r.RemoteAddr
-			}
-		}
+		ip := clientIP(r)
 
 		delay := globalProgressiveLimiter.Check(ip)
 		if delay > 0 {
@@ -126,13 +124,7 @@ func RateLimit(limit int, window time.Duration) func(http.Handler) http.Handler
 	limiter := NewRateLimiter(limit, window)
 	return func(next http.Handler) http.Handler {
 		return http.HandlerFunc(func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
-			ip := r.Header.Get("CF-Connecting-IP")
-			if ip == "" {
-				ip, _, _ = net.SplitHostPort(r.RemoteAddr)
-				if ip == "" {
-					ip = r.RemoteAddr
-				}
-			}
+			ip := clientIP(r)
 
 			if !limiter.Allow(ip) {
 				RespondJSON(w, http.StatusTooManyRequests, map[string]string{"error": "Rate limit exceeded"})
@@ -143,3 +135,22 @@ func RateLimit(limit int, window time.Duration) func(http.Handler) http.Handler
 		})
 	}
 }
+
+// clientIP derives the per-client rate-limit key. Priority:
+//  1. CF-Connecting-IP header (set only when Cloudflare is the edge;
+//     nginx never sets it, so it cannot be spoofed through our proxy)
+//  2. middleware.GetClientIP(r.Context()) — the X-Real-IP value nginx sets,
+//     captured by middleware.ClientIPFromHeader("X-Real-IP") in main.go
+//  3. net.SplitHostPort(r.RemoteAddr) / r.RemoteAddr fallback
+func clientIP(r *http.Request) string {
+	if ip := r.Header.Get("CF-Connecting-IP"); ip != "" {
+		return ip
+	}
+	if ip := middleware.GetClientIP(r.Context()); ip != "" {
+		return ip
+	}
+	if ip, _, err := net.SplitHostPort(r.RemoteAddr); err == nil && ip != "" {
+		return ip
+	}
+	return r.RemoteAddr
+}

backend/mw/ratelimit_dev.go

@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+//go:build dev && !test
+
+// No-op rate limiting for pure dev builds (-tags dev): the dev seed performs
+// more logins/requests than the real limiters allow in a minute, which would
+// block local development. Tests always build with the `test` tag, so the real
+// implementation in ratelimit.go is used there. The types, registration, and
+// Cleanup methods come from tag-free ratelimit_shared.go.
+
+package mw
+
+import (
+	"net/http"
+	"time"
+)
+
+func NewRateLimiter(limit int, window time.Duration) *RateLimiter {
+	return &RateLimiter{}
+}
+
+func NewProgressiveRateLimiter() *ProgressiveRateLimiter {
+	return &ProgressiveRateLimiter{}
+}
+
+func ProgressiveRateLimit(next http.Handler) http.Handler {
+	return http.HandlerFunc(func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+		next.ServeHTTP(w, r)
+	})
+}
+
+func RateLimit(limit int, window time.Duration) func(http.Handler) http.Handler {
+	return func(next http.Handler) http.Handler {
+		return http.HandlerFunc(func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+			next.ServeHTTP(w, r)
+		})
+	}
+}

frontend/src/lib/components/admin/BookingModal.svelte

@@ -22,9 +22,10 @@
 		bookingId: string;
 		onReschedule?: () => void;
 		onChanged?: () => void;
+		openUserModal?: (userId: string) => void;
 	}
 
-	let { open = $bindable(), bookingId, onReschedule, onChanged }: Props = $props();
+	let { open = $bindable(), bookingId, onReschedule, onChanged, openUserModal }: Props = $props();
 
 	let selectedBooking = $state<Booking | null>(null);
 	let showApprovalModal = $state(false);
@@ -455,13 +456,29 @@
 							/>
 						{/if}
 						<div>
+						{#if selectedBooking.user}
+							{@const customer = selectedBooking.user}
+							{@const userName = formatUserName(
+								customer.full_name || '—',
+								customer.previous_first_name,
+								customer.previous_last_name
+							)}
 							<div class="text-lg font-semibold">
-								{formatUserName(
-									selectedBooking.user?.full_name || '—',
-									selectedBooking.user?.previous_first_name,
-									selectedBooking.user?.previous_last_name
-								)}
+								{#if openUserModal}
+									<button
+										type="button"
+										class="cursor-pointer text-blue-600 hover:text-blue-800 hover:underline"
+										onclick={() => openUserModal(customer.id)}
+									>
+										{userName}
+									</button>
+								{:else}
+									{userName}
+								{/if}
 							</div>
+						{:else}
+							<div class="text-lg font-semibold">—</div>
+						{/if}
 							{#if selectedBooking.user?.date_of_birth}
 								<div class="text-sm text-gray-500">
 									{calculateAge(selectedBooking.user.date_of_birth)} years old

frontend/src/lib/components/admin/UserModal.svelte

@@ -4,11 +4,12 @@
 	import { extractErrorMessage } from '$lib/utils/toast-safe';
 	import { apiFetch } from '$lib/utils/api';
 	import * as Modal from '$lib/components/ui/dialog';
+	import * as AlertDialog from '$lib/components/ui/alert-dialog';
 	import { Button } from '$lib/components/ui/button';
 	import PatchTestModal from './PatchTestModal.svelte';
 	import { formatUserName } from '$lib/utils/nameDisplay';
 	import { parseWallClockDate } from '$lib/utils/timeSlots';
-	import { range } from '$lib/utils/format';
+	import { formatDateTime, range } from '$lib/utils/format';
 
 	interface Props {
 		open: boolean;
@@ -48,6 +49,9 @@
 		socialLogins?: SocialLogin[];
 		previousFirstName?: string;
 		previousLastName?: string;
+		twoFactorEnabled: boolean;
+		twoFactorMethod?: string;
+		twoFactorLastUsedAt?: string;
 	};
 
 	type Booking = {
@@ -101,6 +105,8 @@
 	let customerRelationship = $state<CustomerRelationship | null>(null);
 	let loadingRelationship = $state(false);
 	let giftCardBalance = $state<number | null>(null);
+	let showRemove2FAConfirm = $state(false);
+	let removing2FA = $state(false);
 
 	async function fetchUserDetails() {
 		if (!userId) return;
@@ -261,6 +267,32 @@
 	function handleOpenBooking(bookingId: string) {
 		openBookingModal(bookingId);
 	}
+
+	async function handleRemove2FA() {
+		if (!selectedUser) return;
+		removing2FA = true;
+		try {
+			const response = await apiFetch(`/api/admin/users/${selectedUser.id}/2fa/remove`, {
+				method: 'POST',
+				headers: {
+					'Content-Type': 'application/json'
+				}
+			});
+			if (response.ok) {
+				toast.success('Two-factor authentication removed');
+				showRemove2FAConfirm = false;
+				await fetchUserDetails();
+			} else {
+				const text = await response.text();
+				toast.error('Failed to remove two-factor authentication: ' + extractErrorMessage(text));
+			}
+		} catch (err) {
+			console.error('Error removing two-factor authentication:', err);
+			toast.error('Network error removing two-factor authentication');
+		} finally {
+			removing2FA = false;
+		}
+	}
 </script>
 
 <Modal.Root bind:open>
@@ -600,6 +632,45 @@
 					</div>
 				</div>
 
+				<!-- Two-Factor Authentication -->
+				<div class="rounded-lg border border-gray-200 bg-gray-50 p-4">
+					<h3 class="mb-3 text-sm font-semibold tracking-wide text-gray-600 uppercase">
+						Two-Factor Authentication
+					</h3>
+					{#if selectedUser.twoFactorEnabled}
+						<div class="flex flex-wrap items-start justify-between gap-3">
+							<div class="space-y-1">
+								<div>
+									<span
+										class="inline-flex items-center rounded-full bg-emerald-100 px-3 py-1 text-sm font-medium text-emerald-800"
+									>
+										Enabled
+									</span>
+								</div>
+								<div class="text-sm text-gray-600">
+									Method: {selectedUser.twoFactorMethod || '—'}
+								</div>
+								{#if selectedUser.twoFactorLastUsedAt}
+									<div class="text-sm text-gray-600">
+										Last used: {formatDateTime(selectedUser.twoFactorLastUsedAt)}
+									</div>
+								{/if}
+							</div>
+							<Button
+								variant="outline"
+								class="text-red-600 hover:bg-red-50 hover:text-red-700"
+								onclick={() => (showRemove2FAConfirm = true)}
+							>
+								Remove 2FA
+							</Button>
+						</div>
+					{:else}
+						<p class="text-sm text-gray-600">
+							Two-factor authentication is disabled for this user.
+						</p>
+					{/if}
+				</div>
+
 				{#if hasEligiblePatchTests}
 					<!-- Patch Test Actions -->
 					<div class="rounded-lg border border-gray-200 bg-gray-50 p-4">
@@ -647,3 +718,33 @@
 		}}
 	/>
 {/if}
+
+{#if selectedUser}
+	<AlertDialog.Root bind:open={showRemove2FAConfirm}>
+		<AlertDialog.Content class="z-60">
+			<AlertDialog.Header>
+				<AlertDialog.Title>Remove two-factor authentication?</AlertDialog.Title>
+				<AlertDialog.Description>
+					Remove two-factor authentication for
+					{formatUserName(
+						selectedUser.fullName,
+						selectedUser.previousFirstName,
+						selectedUser.previousLastName
+					)}
+					? They will no longer need a 2FA code for card payments. Use this only when the user has
+					lost access to their 2FA method.
+				</AlertDialog.Description>
+			</AlertDialog.Header>
+			<AlertDialog.Footer>
+				<AlertDialog.Cancel>Cancel</AlertDialog.Cancel>
+				<AlertDialog.Action
+					onclick={handleRemove2FA}
+					disabled={removing2FA}
+					class="bg-red-600 hover:bg-red-700"
+				>
+					{removing2FA ? 'Removing…' : 'Remove 2FA'}
+				</AlertDialog.Action>
+			</AlertDialog.Footer>
+		</AlertDialog.Content>
+	</AlertDialog.Root>
+{/if}

frontend/src/lib/components/payments/PaymentModal.svelte

@@ -243,6 +243,9 @@
 
 	const totalDue = $derived(tipEnabled ? totalWithTip : netTotal);
 
+	// The amount added on top of the pre-tip total when a tip is selected.
+	const tipDelta = $derived(tipEnabled ? totalWithTip - netTotal : 0);
+
 	// True when there is genuinely nothing to charge — the booking is fully
 	// covered by discounts (and no tip is being added). Payment entry is
 	// disabled in that state; the handlers also guard defensively.
@@ -891,15 +894,27 @@
 				<div
 					class="flex items-center justify-between rounded-md border border-gray-200 bg-white p-4"
 				>
-					<span class="text-base font-semibold text-gray-700">Total</span>
-					<div class="flex items-baseline gap-2.5">
-						{#if discountSum > 0.01}
-							<span class="text-sm font-medium text-gray-400 line-through"
-								>{formatCurrency(subtotal)}</span
-							>
-						{/if}
-						<span class="text-xl font-bold text-gray-900">{formatCurrency(totalDue)}</span>
-					</div>
+					{#if tipEnabled}
+						<span class="text-base font-semibold text-gray-700">Subtotal (pre-tip)</span>
+						<div class="flex items-baseline gap-2.5">
+							{#if discountSum > 0.01}
+								<span class="text-sm font-medium text-gray-400 line-through"
+									>{formatCurrency(subtotal)}</span
+								>
+							{/if}
+							<span class="text-xl font-bold text-gray-900">{formatCurrency(netTotal)}</span>
+						</div>
+					{:else}
+						<span class="text-base font-semibold text-gray-700">Total</span>
+						<div class="flex items-baseline gap-2.5">
+							{#if discountSum > 0.01}
+								<span class="text-sm font-medium text-gray-400 line-through"
+									>{formatCurrency(subtotal)}</span
+								>
+							{/if}
+							<span class="text-xl font-bold text-gray-900">{formatCurrency(totalDue)}</span>
+						</div>
+					{/if}
 				</div>
 
 				{#if nothingToCharge}
@@ -909,13 +924,19 @@
 				{/if}
 
 				{#if tipEnabled}
-					<div class="flex justify-between rounded-md border border-green-200 bg-green-50 p-3">
-						<span class="text-sm font-medium text-green-800">
-							Total with Tip ({tipDisplay})
-						</span>
-						<span class="text-lg font-bold text-green-800">
-							{formatCurrency(totalWithTip)}
-						</span>
+					<div class="rounded-md border border-green-200 bg-green-50 p-3">
+						<div class="flex justify-between">
+							<span class="text-sm font-medium text-green-800">
+								Total with Tip ({tipDisplay})
+							</span>
+							<span class="text-lg font-bold text-green-800">
+								{formatCurrency(totalWithTip)}
+							</span>
+						</div>
+						<div class="mt-1 flex justify-between text-xs font-medium text-green-700">
+							<span>Tip amount</span>
+							<span>+{formatCurrency(tipDelta)}</span>
+						</div>
 					</div>
 				{/if}
 
@@ -1071,8 +1092,13 @@
 		{:else if status === 'selecting'}
 			<div class="space-y-4">
 				<div class="flex justify-between rounded-md border border-gray-200 bg-white p-4">
-					<span class="text-base font-semibold text-gray-700">Total</span>
-					<span class="text-xl font-bold text-gray-900">{formatCurrency(totalDue)}</span>
+					{#if tipEnabled}
+						<span class="text-base font-semibold text-gray-700">Subtotal (pre-tip)</span>
+						<span class="text-xl font-bold text-gray-900">{formatCurrency(netTotal)}</span>
+					{:else}
+						<span class="text-base font-semibold text-gray-700">Total</span>
+						<span class="text-xl font-bold text-gray-900">{formatCurrency(totalDue)}</span>
+					{/if}
 				</div>
 
 				<div class="space-y-3">
@@ -1107,13 +1133,19 @@
 				</div>
 
 				{#if tipEnabled}
-					<div class="flex justify-between rounded-md border border-green-200 bg-green-50 p-3">
-						<span class="text-sm font-medium text-green-800">
-							Total with Tip ({tipDisplay})
-						</span>
-						<span class="text-lg font-bold text-green-800">
-							{formatCurrency(totalWithTip)}
-						</span>
+					<div class="rounded-md border border-green-200 bg-green-50 p-3">
+						<div class="flex justify-between">
+							<span class="text-sm font-medium text-green-800">
+								Total with Tip ({tipDisplay})
+							</span>
+							<span class="text-lg font-bold text-green-800">
+								{formatCurrency(totalWithTip)}
+							</span>
+						</div>
+						<div class="mt-1 flex justify-between text-xs font-medium text-green-700">
+							<span>Tip amount</span>
+							<span>+{formatCurrency(tipDelta)}</span>
+						</div>
 					</div>
 				{/if}
 

frontend/src/lib/components/today/CurrentAppointment.svelte

@@ -286,6 +286,12 @@
 	}
 
 	const activeAppointment = $derived(currentAppointment || nextAppointment);
+
+	// The backend only accepts payments for bookings that have started or are
+	// already complete — hide the button entirely before the booking starts.
+	const canTakePayment = $derived(
+		['in_progress', 'completed'].includes(activeAppointment?.status ?? '')
+	);
 </script>
 
 <Card.Root
@@ -815,26 +821,28 @@
 							</svg>
 							Cancel
 						</Button>
-						<Button
-							size="sm"
-							onclick={handleTakePayment}
-							class="col-span-2 bg-green-600 hover:bg-green-700"
-						>
-							<svg
-								xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"
-								class="mr-2 h-4 w-4"
-								viewBox="0 0 20 20"
-								fill="currentColor"
+						{#if canTakePayment}
+							<Button
+								size="sm"
+								onclick={handleTakePayment}
+								class="col-span-2 bg-green-600 hover:bg-green-700"
 							>
-								<path d="M4 4a2 2 0 00-2 2v1h16V6a2 2 0 00-2-2H4z" />
-								<path
-									fill-rule="evenodd"
-									d="M18 9H2v5a2 2 0 002 2h12a2 2 0 002-2V9zM4 13a1 1 0 011-1h1a1 1 0 110 2H5a1 1 0 01-1-1zm5-1a1 1 0 100 2h1a1 1 0 100-2H9z"
-									clip-rule="evenodd"
-								/>
-							</svg>
-							Payment
-						</Button>
+								<svg
+									xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"
+									class="mr-2 h-4 w-4"
+									viewBox="0 0 20 20"
+									fill="currentColor"
+								>
+									<path d="M4 4a2 2 0 00-2 2v1h16V6a2 2 0 00-2-2H4z" />
+									<path
+										fill-rule="evenodd"
+										d="M18 9H2v5a2 2 0 002 2h12a2 2 0 002-2V9zM4 13a1 1 0 011-1h1a1 1 0 110 2H5a1 1 0 01-1-1zm5-1a1 1 0 100 2h1a1 1 0 100-2H9z"
+										clip-rule="evenodd"
+									/>
+								</svg>
+								Payment
+							</Button>
+						{/if}
 					</div>
 				</div>
 			</div>

frontend/src/routes/account/+page.svelte

@@ -556,6 +556,36 @@
 	let twoFASettingUp = $state(false);
 	let twoFAVerifying = $state(false);
 	let twoFADisabling = $state(false);
+	let selectedTwoFA = $state<'none' | 'email' | 'sms'>('none');
+	let showDisableTwoFADialog = $state(false);
+
+	// Locally-selected 2FA state, behaving as a radio group: none, email, or sms —
+	// never both. Initialised from the saved profile state so the toggles reflect
+	// reality on load and resync after every setup/verify/disable round-trip
+	// (authStore.refreshProfile).
+	$effect(() => {
+		const user = authStore.currentUser;
+		if (
+			user?.twoFactorEnabled &&
+			(user.twoFactorMethod === 'email' || user.twoFactorMethod === 'sms')
+		) {
+			selectedTwoFA = user.twoFactorMethod;
+		} else {
+			selectedTwoFA = 'none';
+		}
+	});
+
+	// The user's saved 2FA state, derived from the profile
+	const savedTwoFAState: 'none' | 'email' | 'sms' = $derived(
+		authStore.currentUser?.twoFactorEnabled &&
+			(authStore.currentUser.twoFactorMethod === 'email' ||
+				authStore.currentUser.twoFactorMethod === 'sms')
+			? authStore.currentUser.twoFactorMethod
+			: 'none'
+	);
+
+	// True only while the locally-selected state differs from the user's saved choices
+	const twoFADirty = $derived(selectedTwoFA !== savedTwoFAState);
 
 	async function startTwoFASetup() {
 		twoFASettingUp = true;
@@ -631,6 +661,25 @@
 		}
 	}
 
+	// Apply the locally-selected 2FA state. A method selected runs the existing
+	// setup+verify flow; both toggles off disables 2FA (guarded by the payment-rules
+	// warning dialog when 2FA is currently enabled).
+	async function applyTwoFA() {
+		if (selectedTwoFA === 'none') {
+			if (authStore.currentUser?.twoFactorEnabled) {
+				showDisableTwoFADialog = true;
+			}
+			return;
+		}
+		twoFAMethod = selectedTwoFA;
+		await startTwoFASetup();
+	}
+
+	async function confirmDisableTwoFA() {
+		showDisableTwoFADialog = false;
+		await disableTwoFA();
+	}
+
 	// Image cropper state
 	let cropDialogOpen = $state(false);
 	let cropImageUrl = $state('');
@@ -1399,7 +1448,7 @@
 						Referral
 					</button>
 				{/if}
-				{#if canSaveCards}
+				{#if authStore.currentUser?.role !== 'admin' && canSaveCards}
 					<button
 						type="button"
 						class="flex-1 rounded-md px-2 py-2 text-xs font-medium transition-colors {activeTab ===
@@ -2405,96 +2454,6 @@
 
 						<Separator />
 
-						<!-- Two-Factor Authentication -->
-						<div>
-							<h3 class="mb-2 text-sm font-semibold">Two-Factor Authentication</h3>
-							<p class="mb-3 text-sm text-gray-600">
-								Protect online card payments with a one-time verification code
-							</p>
-
-							{#if authStore.currentUser?.twoFactorEnabled}
-								<div class="rounded-lg border p-3">
-									<div class="text-sm font-medium">
-										Enabled
-										{#if authStore.currentUser?.twoFactorMethod}
-											({authStore.currentUser.twoFactorMethod === 'email' ? 'Email' : 'SMS'})
-										{/if}
-									</div>
-									<div class="mt-1 text-xs text-gray-500">
-										A verification code is required for online card payments
-									</div>
-									<Button
-										variant="outline"
-										class="mt-3"
-										disabled={twoFADisabling}
-										onclick={disableTwoFA}
-									>
-										{twoFADisabling ? 'Disabling...' : 'Disable'}
-									</Button>
-								</div>
-							{:else}
-								{#if authStore.currentUser?.twoFactorRequired}
-									<div
-										class="mb-3 rounded-lg border border-amber-300 bg-amber-50 p-3 text-sm text-amber-800"
-									>
-										You must enable 2FA to use online card payments.
-									</div>
-								{:else}
-									<p class="mb-3 text-xs text-gray-500">
-										2FA is optional right now (REQUIRE_2FA is off)
-									</p>
-								{/if}
-
-								{#if twoFASetupPending}
-									{#if twoFADevCode}
-										<p class="mb-2 text-xs text-gray-500">
-											Dev code: <strong>{twoFADevCode}</strong>
-										</p>
-									{/if}
-									<div class="flex items-center gap-2">
-										<Input
-											type="text"
-											inputmode="numeric"
-											maxlength={6}
-											placeholder="6-digit code"
-											bind:value={twoFACode}
-										/>
-										<Button disabled={twoFAVerifying} onclick={verifyTwoFASetup}>
-											{twoFAVerifying ? 'Verifying...' : 'Verify'}
-										</Button>
-									</div>
-								{:else}
-									<div class="space-y-2">
-										<label class="flex items-center gap-2 text-sm">
-											<input
-												type="radio"
-												name="twofa-method"
-												value="email"
-												bind:group={twoFAMethod}
-												class="accent-fuchsia-600"
-											/>
-											Email
-										</label>
-										<label class="flex items-center gap-2 text-sm">
-											<input
-												type="radio"
-												name="twofa-method"
-												value="sms"
-												bind:group={twoFAMethod}
-												class="accent-fuchsia-600"
-											/>
-											SMS
-										</label>
-									</div>
-									<Button class="mt-3" disabled={twoFASettingUp} onclick={startTwoFASetup}>
-										{twoFASettingUp ? 'Sending...' : 'Enable'}
-									</Button>
-								{/if}
-							{/if}
-						</div>
-
-						<Separator />
-
 						<!-- Log Out Button -->
 						<div>
 							<h3 class="mb-2 text-sm font-semibold">Session</h3>
@@ -2619,12 +2578,114 @@
 										</label>
 									</div>
 								</div>
-							</div>
-							<Separator />
-						{/if}
+					</div>
+					<Separator />
+				{/if}
 
-						<div>
-							<h3 class="mb-2 text-sm font-semibold">Policies</h3>
+				<!-- Two-Factor Authentication (visible to all roles; the notification
+				preferences above are the role-gated part of this area) -->
+				<div>
+					<h3 class="mb-2 text-sm font-semibold">Two-Factor Authentication</h3>
+					<p class="mb-3 text-sm text-gray-600">
+						Protect online card payments with a one-time verification code
+					</p>
+
+					{#if authStore.currentUser?.twoFactorEnabled}
+						<div class="mb-3 rounded-lg border p-3">
+							<div class="text-sm font-medium">
+								Enabled
+								{#if authStore.currentUser?.twoFactorMethod}
+									({authStore.currentUser.twoFactorMethod === 'email' ? 'Email' : 'SMS'})
+								{/if}
+							</div>
+							<div class="mt-1 text-xs text-gray-500">
+								A verification code is required for online card payments
+							</div>
+						</div>
+					{:else if authStore.currentUser?.twoFactorRequired}
+						<div
+							class="mb-3 rounded-lg border border-amber-300 bg-amber-50 p-3 text-sm text-amber-800"
+						>
+							You must enable 2FA to use online card payments.
+						</div>
+					{/if}
+
+					<div class="space-y-3">
+						<div class="flex items-center justify-between rounded-lg border p-3">
+							<div>
+								<div class="text-sm font-medium">Email</div>
+								<div class="text-xs text-gray-500">
+									Receive your verification code by email
+								</div>
+							</div>
+							<label class="relative inline-flex cursor-pointer items-center">
+								<input
+									type="checkbox"
+									class="peer sr-only"
+									checked={selectedTwoFA === 'email'}
+									onchange={() => {
+										selectedTwoFA = selectedTwoFA === 'email' ? 'none' : 'email';
+									}}
+								/>
+								<div
+									class="peer h-5 w-9 rounded-full border border-gray-200 bg-gray-200 peer-checked:bg-fuchsia-300 after:absolute after:start-[2px] after:top-[2px] after:h-4 after:w-4 after:rounded-full after:border after:border-gray-300 after:bg-white after:transition-all after:content-[''] peer-checked:after:translate-x-full peer-checked:after:border-white"
+								></div>
+							</label>
+						</div>
+
+						<div class="flex items-center justify-between rounded-lg border p-3">
+							<div>
+								<div class="text-sm font-medium">SMS</div>
+								<div class="text-xs text-gray-500">
+									Receive your verification code by text message
+								</div>
+							</div>
+							<label class="relative inline-flex cursor-pointer items-center">
+								<input
+									type="checkbox"
+									class="peer sr-only"
+									checked={selectedTwoFA === 'sms'}
+									onchange={() => {
+										selectedTwoFA = selectedTwoFA === 'sms' ? 'none' : 'sms';
+									}}
+								/>
+								<div
+									class="peer h-5 w-9 rounded-full border border-gray-200 bg-gray-200 peer-checked:bg-fuchsia-300 after:absolute after:start-[2px] after:top-[2px] after:h-4 after:w-4 after:rounded-full after:border after:border-gray-300 after:bg-white after:transition-all after:content-[''] peer-checked:after:translate-x-full peer-checked:after:border-white"
+								></div>
+							</label>
+						</div>
+					</div>
+
+					{#if twoFASetupPending}
+						<div class="mt-3 flex items-center gap-2">
+							<Input
+								type="text"
+								inputmode="numeric"
+								maxlength={6}
+								placeholder="6-digit code"
+								bind:value={twoFACode}
+							/>
+							<Button disabled={twoFAVerifying} onclick={verifyTwoFASetup}>
+								{twoFAVerifying ? 'Verifying...' : 'Verify'}
+							</Button>
+						</div>
+					{/if}
+
+					{#if twoFADirty && !twoFASetupPending}
+						<Button
+							class="mt-3"
+							disabled={twoFASettingUp || twoFADisabling}
+							onclick={applyTwoFA}
+						>
+							{twoFASettingUp ? 'Sending...' : 'Apply'}
+						</Button>
+					{/if}
+				</div>
+
+				<Separator />
+
+				<div>
+					<h3 class="mb-2 text-sm font-semibold">Policies</h3>
 							<p class="mb-3 text-sm text-gray-600">
 								View our cancellation, deposit, and no-show policies
 							</p>
@@ -2776,7 +2837,7 @@
 					</button>
 				{/if}
 
-				{#if canSaveCards}
+				{#if authStore.currentUser?.role !== 'admin' && canSaveCards}
 					<button
 						type="button"
 						class="flex-1 rounded-md px-2 py-2 text-xs font-medium transition-colors {activeTab ===
@@ -2991,6 +3052,25 @@
 			</AlertDialog.Footer>
 		</AlertDialog.Content>
 	</AlertDialog.Root>
+
+	<!-- Disable Two-Factor Authentication Warning -->
+	<AlertDialog.Root bind:open={showDisableTwoFADialog}>
+		<AlertDialog.Content>
+			<AlertDialog.Header>
+				<AlertDialog.Title>Disable two-factor authentication?</AlertDialog.Title>
+				<AlertDialog.Description>
+					Disabling two-factor authentication means online card payments will be blocked
+					while 2FA is required. You can re-enable it at any time.
+				</AlertDialog.Description>
+			</AlertDialog.Header>
+			<AlertDialog.Footer>
+				<AlertDialog.Cancel>Cancel</AlertDialog.Cancel>
+				<AlertDialog.Action onclick={confirmDisableTwoFA} class="bg-red-600 hover:bg-red-700">
+					Disable
+				</AlertDialog.Action>
+			</AlertDialog.Footer>
+		</AlertDialog.Content>
+	</AlertDialog.Root>
 {/if}
 
 <!-- User Booking Modal -->

frontend/src/routes/admin/+page.svelte

@@ -451,5 +451,6 @@
 		bind:open={showBookingModal}
 		bookingId={selectedBookingId ?? ''}
 		onReschedule={handleReschedule}
+		{openUserModal}
 	/>
 {/if}

frontend/src/routes/today/+page.svelte

@@ -189,7 +189,11 @@
 	</div>
 
 	<!-- Modals -->
-	<BookingModal bind:open={showBookingModal} bookingId={selectedBookingId ?? ''} />
+	<BookingModal
+		bind:open={showBookingModal}
+		bookingId={selectedBookingId ?? ''}
+		{openUserModal}
+	/>
 
 	<EditBookingModal
 		bind:open={showEditBookingModal}

init-scripts/init-script.sql

@@ -228,12 +228,14 @@ CREATE TABLE users (
     -- infrastructure: two_factor_enabled is the source of truth for the
     -- online-card-payment gate; two_factor_method records the chosen delivery
     -- channel ('email' | 'sms'); pending_* hold the in-flight verification code
-    -- (hashed) and its expiry. Set REQUIRE_2FA=false (or the dev build tag) to
-    -- disable all 2FA requirements for local testing.
+    -- (hashed) and its expiry; two_factor_last_used_at records the most recent
+    -- successful verification (admin recovery view). Set REQUIRE_2FA=false (or
+    -- the dev build tag) to disable all 2FA requirements for local testing.
     two_factor_enabled BOOLEAN NOT NULL DEFAULT FALSE,
     two_factor_method TEXT CHECK (two_factor_method IN ('email', 'sms') OR two_factor_method IS NULL),
     two_factor_pending_code_hash TEXT,
     two_factor_pending_code_expires TIMESTAMPTZ,
+    two_factor_last_used_at TIMESTAMPTZ,
     -- staff fields
     notes TEXT
 );